Serial Studies On The Measurements Of Cervical And Lumbar Bony Marks On X-rays And Three-dimension Finite-element Reconstruction Of A Knee Joint Motion Segment

Objective (1) To study the reliability of four measurement methods (Borden method, Modified Borden method, Angle method 1, Angle method 2) for cervical lordosis. (2) To study the distributional characteristic of location of cervical lordosis arc apex on lateral X-ray. (3) To observe the value of clinical application about a novel cervical traction apparatus that could recover cervical lordotic curvature. (4) To explore the deviation rules of spinous process of lumbar vertebra in patients with lumbago. (5) To build a knee joint motion segment three-dimension finite-element model and to make a preliminary force analysis on the founded model. Methods (1) The cervical lordosis on lateral radiographs of 53 subjects were representatively measured by two doctors. The correlations between two doctors were analyzed with SPSS upon the results of cervical lordosis with four measurement methods. (2) The cervical lordosis on lateral radiographs of 154 subjects was representatively measured by Borden's method. The distributional characteristic of location of cervical lordosis arc apex was recorded and analyzed. (3) To observe different changes of 15 cases of cervical spondylosis whose cervical curvature have been straight after the novel cervical traction apparatus was used. (4) In order to detect the changing rules in the spinous process of lumbar vertebra, anteroposterior position radiographs of 89 cases of patients with lumbag were representatively measured by use of Method of Four Lines in vertebrae-spinous process. (5) According to the model-building principle from point to line to area to volume of Ansys software, a knee joint motion segment three-dimension finite-element model was reconstructed on the basis of the images of spiral CT. Furthermore, the stress values and distribution of the patella model, part of the above reconstructed knee joint, were analysed by simulating force mechanism of the patella in human body. Results (1) Borden method had the highest correlation coefficient than other methods and the modified Borden method had the lowest correlation coefficient among all the groups. (2) In the distributional frequency of location of cervical lordosis arc apex of 154healthy volunteer, the most is in the middle of C4 vertebral body(46.1%), the second is in the middle of C5 vertebral body(18.2%), the least is in the upper of C6 vertebral body(only 0.6%). (3) The value before traction: 0.4067 + 0.4598mm The value after traction: 1.2400+ 0.3155mm, P<0.01, the difference was significant in contrast. (4) Spinous process deviation can be found in 80 cases among the 89 patients with lumbago, only 9 cases have no spinous process deviation; The number of deviated spinous process located in L2 is the largest, but that located in LS is the least. Two changes, which are arcing and angulating, have been found in lateral line; Significant difference(P=0.002) was discovered in deviation values of spinous process in Top Line, but no significant difference(J^>0.05) was in Tip Line. (5) A knee joint motion segment three-dimension finite-element model was reconstructed. The result of finite-element analysis of patella model indicated the stress mainly concentrated and distributed in the superior pole and inferior pole of patella. Conclusion (1) The results suggested that Borden method is most reliably in all of the measurement methods for cervical lordosis and the method is simply and practical. (2) There is particular regularity in the distributional characteristic of location of cervical lordosis arc apex. The middle of €4 and €5 vertebral body are mainly distributed. No significant difference exits in the results of cervical curvature of different cervical lordosis arc apex. (3) The novel cervical traction apparatus has the characteristics of convenience and utility, furthermore, it was more qualified with the request of recovery of the cervical curvature in the position of cervical lordosis. (4) Method of Four Lines in vertebrae-spinous process is one of the important ways to find spinous process deviation by palpati...