| Objective: Esophageal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor which seriously threatens human beings. It is regarded that esophageal carcinoma is a manifestation of systemic disease rather than a local disease. It is recommended that treatment on esophageal carcinoma should depend on the viewpoint of total body. As a systematic treatment modality, chemotherapy was attached more and more importance to using as synthetic treatment for esophageal cancer in recent years, especially for pre-operation chemotherapy. However, most chemotherapy agents which have serious toxicity and side-effect were restrained in clinical practice , especially in pre-operation. Traditional Chinese Medicine is a kind of anti-tumor medicines, which has cancer inhibition as well as immune function regulation. In recent years research has found that many anticancer medicines can lead to an identical cell death modality( programmed cell death ,or apoptosis). The findings showed that cell changes by anticancer medicines will active a cell death program which is intrinsic and caused by genesinduction. The research indicates that the effect of anticancer medicines depends on not only the effect of agents and target cells but also the ability of inducing apoptosis. Inducing tumor cells apoptosis is the chief mechanism that many chemotherapy medicines inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The effect has become one of the important target to judge chemotherapy medicines' suppressing the ability of tumor cells growth. The aims of the writer's study is to observe the effects of its inducing apoptosis and influencing cell cycle by treating esophageal carcinoma cases with sodium cantharidate before operation. By observing the changes of p53, bcl-2 proteins after treatment, the study also wants to preliminarily research the molecular mechanism of esophageal carcinoma treated with sodium cantharidate. In fact, the writer of this essay wants to make a whole assessment on the effects on bodies by studying the changes of immune function of patients treated by sodium cantharidate. Methods: From April 2002 to January 2003,60 cases of preoperative esophageal patients were selected in Fourth Hospital HeBei Medical University. All patients were diagnosed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by endoscope and biopsy. They were randomly divided into two groups: the test group and the control group, there were 30 cases respectively. The ratios of male and female patients was equal in this series, and so was lesion sites (upper,middle and lower third ). The average ages of the control group and test group were 56.3 and 57.1 respectively, which had no significant difference(P>0.05).These patients were found no severe disease in preoperative examination, such as severe hepatorenal function failure , metabolic,endocrine and allergic disease so on. In test group, receiving only sodium cantharidate injection+5% glucose 500ml (one time daily)for 7 days, then the patients be operated within 2 to 3 days. Before operation, the control group did not received any chemotherapy and drugs affecting the immune function. No severe postoperative complication arised in the two groups. T lymphocytes subsets and NK activity were examined in all patients before operation and 12 to 14 days after operation respectively, and also T lymphocytes AgNORs was detected by the image analysis of AgNORs. Fresh tumor specimens(approximate 3.0g) were obtained in operating room, being placed in 70% alcohol and preserved at 0oC～ 4oC. The specimens were detected by flow cytometry (FACS420, Becton-Dickinson company, USA,).Tumor cell cycle(G0ï¼G1,S,G2/M phase) was detected according to the levels of DNA content. One visible apoptosis peak in front of the G1 peak was found by FCM. All the collected dates were storaged and analysed by Lysis II software, and the results were shown with percentages. The protein expression of p53 and bcl-2 were detected on FCM, whose results were shown with fluorescent index (FI). Another fresh specimen about 2×1×1(mm3)was fixed in 4%...
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