| Objective: To determine if detection of Survivin mRNA expression in urine by using nested RT-PCR can provide a novel noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder .Methods: Survivin mRNA in T24 bladder cancer cell line, exfoliated urinary cells of 56 patients with TCCB, 20 patients with urinary cancers except bladder, 10 nonneoplastic urinary diseases patients and 10 healthy volunteers were detected. Survivin and β-actin were amplified by using nested RT-PCR. Results: 1. T24 bladder cancer cell line showed positive Survivin mRNA signal. 2. Only 1 of 40 (2.5%) showed positive Survivin mRNA signal in urine from control group. 51 of 56 (91.1%) patients with TCCB showed positive Survivin mRNA signals in urine. The Survivin mRNA expression difference between experimental group and control group was significant (p<0.01). The positive rate of Survivin mRNA in T1 was 90.5%(19/21),T2-4 91.4%(32/35)；G1 90.6%(29/32),G2 90.9%(10/11),G3 92.3%(12/13).5 of 46preoperative Survivin mRNA positive patients showed positive Survivin mRNA signals in urine after tumor removal. 3 of 3 preoperative Survivin mRNA negative patients showed negative Survivin mRNA signals in urine after tumor removal. No postoperative patients, including 3 Survivin mRNA positive and 8 Survivin mRNA negative patients suffered from recurrence during a 6-month follow-up period. One patient with positive Survivin mRNA signal in hematuria had a positive cystoscopy and operation result for TCCB (T1) during a 6-month follow-up period.Conclusions: 1.Highly sensitive and specific determination of urine survivin mRNA appears to provide a simple, noninvasive diagnostic test to identify patients with TCCB. 2.There is no relationship between survivin mRNA and the stages or grades of the TCCB.
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