| Pemphigus vulgaris ( PV) is an autoimmune bilistering disease of the skin and mucosa due to the presence of autoantibodies against the components of desmosomes. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by loss of keratinocyte cohesion in the suprabasal are of the epithetlia, with clumps of acantholytic cells floating freely in the blister fluid. The target antigen for PV is desmoglein - 3 ( Dsg3 ). It is a component of cadherin supergene family of calcium - dependent cell to cell adhesion molecules. Together with desmolglein 1 and 2, and desmo-collins, Dsg3 constitutes a subfamilies of cadherins. But less is known about the effect of plakoglobin(Cat) in PV.E - cadherin can interact with Cats to form the complex of E - cadherin/Cat that mediates cell - to - cell adhesion in epithetlial cells. In the super families, there are Cat and Cat except for Cat. Many reports have character-ized that Cats is a important role in cell to cell adhesion. Cats show high intesen expression at basal layer toward the malpighian layer. The expression pattern suggest that the tow factors is relative to the integrity of mucosa. Kumamoto et al detected the expression of E - cadherin and Cats in oral tumors and found that their levels are abnormal. A number of studies have suggested a possible role of the cadherin/Cat comlples in human blistering diseases. However, the key to correlating data and explaining the relationship of Cat involver in the Pemphigus vulgaris. The objective of this study is to evaluate the immuneohisto-chemical expression of these proteins in PV and to determine their possible role in the pathogensis.MethodsThe study population is 34 patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Cat proteins were detected by SABC immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe immunostaining of normal tissue showed the progressive increase of Cats expression from the basal/parabasal layers toward the malpighian layer, distribution pattern quite different to that observed in normal epithetlium in the tissue of the PV cases. In non - acantholytic epithetlium of the PV cases, only a slight reduction of the membrane patter of distribution of and - Cat. However , in most of the acantholytic cells of PV cases, the lack of membrane localization and the increase of plasma localization for Cats were observed. In addition, in some PV cases a nuclear stanning was also detected for both Cats. In most PV cases, a displacement of Cat and - Cat showed an increased amount. Moreover, - Cat is more sensitive to this pattern, the levels of a - Cat is decreased and the distribution is invariable.DiscussionIn PV, the dylocalization of catenins and the decrease of protein expression are because of the alteration of the structure of catenins by PV - IgG. The alteration of proteins site will affect the normal function of protein. Different catenins play a different role in PV, but they have effect on each other. In PV the dyslo-cazation of catenins in cytosol/ nuclecus may be the result or the reseason of PV pathogensis, but the possible mechanism of the catenins expression is not clear.Conclusion1. In PV cases, the distribution of Cats proteins is variable from cytoplasmto nuclues. It suggested that Cats play an important role in PV pathogenesis.2. The distribution of a - Cat protein suggested that it may be a assistant factor.3. The dyslocalization toward the nucleus of was more obvious . It suggested that - Cat play a direct role in PV...
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