| Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone,a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist on intimal hyperplasia after carotid balloon injury and lipid metabolism,in rats with insulin resistance however without obert diabetes.In addition,investigate the effects of pioglitazone on weight gain and redistribution of fat.Methods Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty(OLETF) rats,a model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes,aged 16weeks,were received balloon injury to the left common carotid artery.After than,rats were divided into 2 groups: the control and pioglitazone-treated(10mg/kg/d) groups.The rats were treated for 3 weeks.Results At the age of 19weeks,the OLETF rats treated with pioglitazone showed an improvement in the plasma total cholcsterol,triglyceride,and FFA levels compared to the control OLETF rats.Body weight was markely greater in pioglitazone-treatment OLETF rats compared to 16weeks(16weeks: 402.3±6.5; 19weeks: 519.9±17.4g, p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat was significantly greater in the pioglitazone-treatment OLETS rats than control OLETF rats,epididymal fat was similar in two groups OLETF rats.The area of intimia(0.34±0.03 and 0.46±0.04mm2, p<0.05,respectively) and intimia/media area ratio(0.47±0.031 and 0.59±0.015, p<0.05,respectively) were significantly decreased in pioglitazone-treatment OLETF rats as compared with the control OLETF rats.Conclusions Pioglitazone,a PPAR-γ agonist,used currently as an insulin-sensitizing agent in type 2 diabetes,have the benefical effects in improving lipid profiles and inhibite intimal hyperplasia in prediabetic stage of type 2 diabetic rat after carotid balloon injury.Therefore,pioglitazone is a promising agent against vascular complications in patients with insulin resistence.In addition,it can be applied for prevention of resistenosis after PTCA associated with insulin resistence.
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