| Objective: Neonates, especially premature infants and the infants with syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have defects in their immunologic functions, which lead to the newborns have higher incidence and mortality rate with infectious diseases, extremely harm to the health of newborn and the living quality in the future. Researches found that there are close interaction between neuroendocrine, nutrition condition and immune function. Therefore launch the study in this field will have important significance to make further explore on neonates immune states as well as correlated modulates mechanism, thereby we can more effective protect and therapy neonate severe infection, reduce neonate mortality rate and improve their prognosis. Leptin is a kind of proteohormone that was found in recent years. Leptin is secreted by adipocyte and have important modulation on energy balance, tissue and organ development, and reproduction function. Recently foundational researches found that leptin have close relations with immune system, moreover it play an important role in immunomodulation. Large number studies demonstrated that leptin could enhance immunological function and act a protective action in inflammatory reaction. Leptin exists in fetus period and it has close relationship with fetus intrauterine growth. But at present there have no reports about the clinic researches of correlations of cord blood leptin contents and body immune function as well as related mechanisms. Our study through determines the serum leptin, immunoglobulin, complement contents, T lymphocyte subset, Th1/Th2 type cytokines, and T lymphocyte apoptosis percentage and anti-apoptosis gene product, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cord blood that from the neonates had various gestation ages. Aimed to research: (1) The correlation of cord blood leptin levels and neonates' immunologic function; (2) The influence of leptin on T lymphocyte's proliferation and apoptosis; (3) The activation action of leptin on Th cell as well as the possible pathways. In order to make further clarification on the correlations of leptin and neonates' immune function besides the possible immuno-modulate mechanism and provide theoretic foundation that leptin as an important immunomodulator thus applied in the neonates' infectious diseases.Methods: 90 neonates in our hospital and the obstetric hospital were selected. Among them there were 30 preterm infants and 60 term infants. All of the cases were divided into small for gestational age (SGA) group, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group and large for gestational age (LGA) group according to different characteristic. The umbilical vein blood speciman were collected immediately after the newborns delivered. Respectively adopted radio immunoassay, immuno-transmission turbidity method and flow cytometry to check up the contents of leptin, GM-CSF, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4 in cord blood serum and the expression of IL-4, IFN-γ, Bcl-2 protein, T lymphocyte subpopulation, lymphocyte apoptosis percentage in cord blood. The data were analyzed by student's t test, one-way-ANOVA, linear correlation, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.Results: 1. The comparisons of cord blood leptin contents in different kinds of neonates: the cord blood leptin levels in preterm infant group are significantly lower than term infant group (P<0.01); In the group of term infants, leptin contents were remarkable different among SGA group, AGA group and LGA group (P<0.01). The AGA group had higher leptin than SGA group (P<0.05), but had notable lower leptin levels than LGA group (P<0.01); In the preterm infants, SGA group had significantly lower cord blood leptin than AGA group (P<0.05); Female infants had higher leptin than male infants (P<0.05). 2. The analysis of correlated factors with cord blood leptin levels: The umbilical vein blood leptin contents was significantly correlated with gestational age, birth weight, body length, Ponderal Index and placenta weigh...
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