| Cavernous venous malformation of body surface is a type of vascular malformation which are divided into subtypes based on the constituent vessels: capillary, venous, arterial, lymphatic, and combined forms. Vascular malformations are usually congenital and are due to an inborn error of vascular morphogenesis and It's mechanism is not very clear. Unlike hemangiomas, the endothelium in vascular malformations is not hyperplastic. These cells have a normal turnover rate. A venous malformation is defined as a simple malformation with slow flow and an abnormal venous network. However, people always confuse in terminology, with misnomers such as cavernous hemangioma, phlebangioma, and phlebangiomatosis. The ideal aim of the treatment is the occlusion and alteration of abnormity vein and symptomatic relief, while retaining the shape and function of the affected tissues. Curative effect of these treatment is different,although there are a lot of treatment. Patients can benefit from it or be more badly. However, curative effect is not very ideal, especially to disperse venous malformation on the extremity distal, closing with vital vein around trunk and so on. We want to find a new way which is safe, effective, harmless and easy to treat the complicated cavernous venous malformation of body surface in our experiment.Method: We choose the silk thread as embolus. To gain controllable purpose, one end of silk thread was embedded in Lumen blood vessel, and the other end of silk thread indwelling outside the vascular wall under the hypodermis. In animal experiment part: to observe the effect of blood vessel occlusion, the silk thread was embedded in superficial vein or femoral vein of Newzealand rabbit respectively. The animal of embedded in superficial vein were divided into three groups: group I (silk thread), group II (saturated mitomycin silk thread), group III (control). And the animal of embedded in femoral vein were also divided into group A (silk thread), group B (silk thread saturated mitomycin), group C (silk thread knotted), group D (silk thread saturated mitomycin and knotted), group E (control). Through observing manifestion pathology and vein radiography, the effect of obstructing blood vessel, thrombosis and recanalization were evaluated. In clinical test part: some body surface cavernous venous malformation patients who pathological changes in the vicinity of main nerve and blood vessel were treated by embeding saturated silk thread with mitomycin, the effect of treatment were observed combined with copper needle insertion or embolization and sclerotheraphy.Result: Group I,II and group A,B,C,D all of them can make the Lumen of vein occluded, if we place the silk thread into it. The damnification of veins' endothelium in group I is more serious than group II. This kind of treatment can lead the decrease of the blood stream although group A found recanalization, and other groups does not happen recanalization in a short time. The clinical experiment show us that placed the controllable silk thread by direct percutaneous puncture inside the complicated cavernous venous malformation of body surface which knobbed and saturated with mitomycin, and combined with embolization and sclerotherapy or with copper needle insertion after a week. This kind of treatment can enhance the safety and efficient. Conclusion: From the result of the experiment we suppose that there is several reason cause the occlusion the vein completely when we place the silk in the Lumen of blood vessel. First, the silk lead the pure obstruction and pressure to the vein. Second, the silk could destroy the endothelial cell of the vein which led to thrombosis. Third, the silk especially the knotted silk could change the local blood stream dynamics when placed in veins. It can enhance the thrombosis. Finally, saturated with mitomycin may also enhance the degree of the thrombosis. The time of thrombosis and recanalization are related to the factors as follow: one reason is that the caliber of the vein, the amount of...
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