| Objective: Study on esophageal precancerous lesion was brand-new in the case of prevention from esophageal carcinoma and much attention was drawn on it. Practicable study on its occurrence mechanism was lack. Prognosis to it and step on medical treatment about it are still strange to many people. In this study: 1 esophageal precancerous lesion was found and diagnosed by spraying Lugol's iodine solution on the mucosa of esophageal through endoscope, and then ultramicroscopic structures of cells of esophageal precancerous lesion were observed through electron microscope. 2 Daub dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA) on rabbit's cheek mucosa in order to prepare animal model of squamous epithelium precancerous lesion, aim for resembling the model of human esophageal precancerous lesion. When preparation of the animal model of squamous epithelium precancerous lesion succed, then we use all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) to reverse transformation of precancerous lesion to carcinoma expecting exploring an effective treatment method of obstructing the malignant development of esophageal precancerous lesion to carcinoma.Methods: 1 After washing mucus with physiological saline through the endoscope, we sprayed 1.5% Lugol's iodine solution on esophageal mucosa. According to the color of mucosa after iodine staining, we got pathologic specimens and electron microscope specimens respectively from normal tissues, precancerous lesion tissues and carcinoma tissues. 2 The solution or artificial film containing DMBA was pasted on rabbit's cheek mucosa once two days, three times one week. Biopsy was operated at intervals in order to observe the development of precancerous lesion. Until the normal mucosa developed to precancerous lesion, the film containing ATRA wasn't pasted on the cheek mucosa in order to observe the prognosis of precancerous lesion. During the whole process, biopsy was operated, and ultramicroscopic structures of mucosa epithelium cells was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) respectively.Results1 The result of pathology: Dysplasia epithelial cells showed different mal-differentiation, different sizes and anomalo-shape, disorderly arrangement, and no polarity. Cell nuclear became larger and deeper staining. Cell membrane became incrassate. Chromosome increased. Mitotic figure increased. Multinucleate cells were detected. 2 The result of SEM: Normal epithelial cells lined up in good order. Surface of normal epithelial cells was smooth and glossy. Cell borders were clear-cut. Distribution of tiny villus was orderly. Their arrangement was regular. The figure of dysplasia cell wasn't so smooth as normal cell. Their surfaces were uneven and coarse. Holes can be seen in some part of dysplasia cell surfaces. Tiny villus lined up disorderly and weren't well-distributed, sparse and scattered. Dysplasia cells came off more frequently than the normal epithelial cells. The surfaces of carcinoma cells were more uneven than those of dysplasia cell. Tiny villus was sparse, scattered and broken. Big holes appeared on the carcinoma cell surface. Inter-cellular borders were obscure. Inter-cellular gaps broadened. Carcinoma cells came off more frequently than dysplasia cells did. 3 The result of animal experiment: Normal mucosa of rabbit's cheek was pink, smooth, flexible and clouding. Through microscope, we can see that the mucosa was made up by about twenty layers of non-keratosic and stratified squamous cells. They lined up orderly resembling human esophageal epithelium. Through electron microscope: Normal mucosa cells lined up orderly. Borders between normal cells was clear-cut. Cell surface was smooth. Tiny villius was well distributed. The cheek mucosa in study group became rough and thick. In some parts of cheek mucosa, leukoplakia appeared. As time went on, normal mucosa developed to simple hyperplasia, fundic cell hyperplasia and dysplasia in turn. At length carcinoma in situ occurred. Through SEM, we saw that dysplasia cell surface was rough and une...
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