| Objective: esophageal carcinoma is in the third of malignant tumor in the world, accounting for the second dead causes of malignant tumor in China, but the mechanism of cell malignant alteration is not clear yet. There are a family character in the ESCC's occuring, which shows that the heredity factor play a role in the occuring of ESCC. Recently, a few correlated gene or gene pitch have been found in the molecule biology, which may be correlated to the occuring or progression of ESCC. Moreover, we have had more knowledge about the effect of abnormal cell cycle regulatory in malignant tumor progression. It has been found that there are a variety of abnormal expression of regulatory factors in G1/S phrase, which is related to lymph node metastasize and clinicopathological feature of Esophageal Squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), in particularly, p16 has more correlation of lymph node metastasis and pathological grade in ESCC. P16 is located chromosome of 9p21, whose cDNA length is 960bp. P16 is also named more tumor suppressor, including four ankyrin configuration. Being a differential suppressor, it can combine with and stop CDK4 and CDK6 activity. The whole lengths of p16 are 8.5kb, including three exon named E1,E2,E3 respectively, their length are E1 266bp,E2 307bp,E3 1166bp respectively, coding a protein together, whose comparative molecule quantum is 16 KD, that is p16 protein. Wild p16 protein has an active part, composed of four hook wrap space fabricate. It is viewed as frame gene controlling cell growth. P16 main function is suppressing the phosphation of Rb protein transmited by CDK4/CDK6, stopping cell entering into S phase from G1 phase. p16,CDK,cyclin and Rb are formed a feedback control circle line. When the gene deletion,mutation,and promoter CPG island aberrant methylation of p16 protein make p16 abnormal expression, it would lead the growing cell lost of control, cell transmission and carcinoalteration. CDK4 or CDK6 could make cell enter into G1 phase after combining with cyclinD1, while p16 protein amino-tail end have a place, which can compete with cyclinD1 for CDK4/CDK6, suppressing cyclinD1 enzyme's activity and making cyclinD1 lose its activity function and stop the growing cell. Proliferation cell nuclear antigen is a kind of acidity protein in cell nucleus, its molecule quality is 36000D. It is an assistant factor of DNA poly enzyme, participating in DNA synthesize and playing a role in cell cycle period. In the possess of DNA synthesize , PCNA expression start increasing in G1,reaching apex in S,rapidly decreasing in G2 and M phase. Therefore, PCNA is taken as a symbol of evaluating the cell proliferation activity, used as distinguishing carcinoma cell from normal cell. There is also a closed correlation between PCNA and lymph node metastasis and pathological grades of ESCC. In this study, we explored the relationship of both p16 and PCNA with ESCC biological behavior by studying the expression of p16 and PCNA in protein lever in ESCC tissues. Exploring the relationship between both p16 and PCNA and esophageal carcinoma biology behavior, aiming at giving evidence in the diagnosing and treating of earlier stage and metaphase's esophageal carcinoma.Methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis of p16 and PCNA proteins was carried out in paraffin-embedded section from 49 surgically resected ESCC's in the affiliated second hospital, HeBei medical university, all specimen were divided into two groups: lymph node metastasis group(24) and non-lymph node metastasis group(25),in addition, all specimens were divided into three groups according to pathological grade: â… 16, â…¡16, â…¢17. Macroscopically, all specimens are ESCC tissues (aged from30-78 years old, mean 56.9 years old). The data were expressed with positive cell labeled area ratio (percentage,%) and positive degree means. The results of correlating with p16 and PCNA are analyzed by using T test and one-way ANOVA in SPSS10.0. Results: (1) The positive cell area ratio and positive degree means of p16 were significantly highe...
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