The Study Of The Protective Effect And The Functionalmechanism Of Ginseng Total Saponin On Neuronal Injury In Focal Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Rat Models

Objective Many neurologist attached importance to the problem of reperfusion injury increasingly along with thrombolysis therapy to acute cerebral infarction.lt has become to be hot spot to study mechanism and protective method of reperfusion injury since 1985.In our study we investigated the influence of ginseng total saponin on brain tissue injury after ischemia-reperfusion by the model of brain ischemia-reperfusion with rat models.Our objective is to study the protective effect of ginseng total saponin on rat brain tissue from the area of ischemia-reperfusion.Methods 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly diwided into 5 groups :normal,sham, ischemic, ginseng total saponin-treated 1, ginseng total saponin -treated2.The model of focal cerebral ischemiawas made by occluding middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 2h and reperfusing for 48h.The rats received either ginseng total saponin (50 mg/kg of body weight.) or saline i.p. just before the beginning of reperfusion and the brains were removed after 48h, and the ginseng total saponin -treated2 rats reiceived ginseng total saponin for 3 days and their brains were removed after 72h. The brain tissues were used for the observation of cells with the method of Nissle staining, GAB A and TUNEL, and the data were calculated by using image analysis system.Results In the ischemic group, The nummber of neurocyte reduced obviously . Ports neurocyte atrophia. Nuclear atrophia , have some characters of apoptosis. In the ginseng total saponin -treated group, similar changes could also been seen but lessthan those observed in the ischemic group.Apoptosis results TUNEL staining showed: TUNEL staining showed no TUNEL-positive cells were seen in the normal rats,and there were also scattered TUNEL-positive cells in the brain tissues of sham and ginseng total saponin-treated groups. However, TUNEL-positive cells were noted in the ischemic group. We may see deep brown staining in the nuclei of hippocampal and cortical neurons. Treatment with ginseng total saponin resulted in significantly fewer TUNEL-positive cells in the neurons compared with the ischemic group (P<0.01).The expression of GABA in cerebral tissue : There were a few expression of GAB A in the area CA1 of hippocampi neurons in immunostochemical sham group . The expression levels of GABA increased lightly in the ischemic group after reperfusion. the expression levels of GABA in treatment group significantly increased compared with ischemic group. Compared with control group, the ginseng total saponin-treated 1 group compare with the ischemic reperfusion non-treating group and the treated 2 group compare with the ischemic reperfusion non-treating group , P<0.01 , the treated 1 group compare with the treated 2 group , PO.01.Neuronal funtion value analysis: the ginseng total saponin-treated 1 group compare with the ischemic reperfusion non-treating group and the treated 2 group compare with the ischemic reperfusion non-treating group , P<0.01 . the treated 1 group compare with the treated 2 group , P<0.05.Conclusions ginseng total saponin may increase the expression of GABA in the hippocam-pal neurons of focal cerebral ischemic- reperfusion rats, and play an important role in protecting neurons from ischemia-induced apoptosis.