| Objective To investigate the ability of repairing segmental bone defect with the compound of small intestinal submucosa and beta-tricalcium phosphate and small intestinal submucosa and to evaluate the feasibility to use them as bone substitute material. Methods The animal model of bone defect(20mm) was made on the middle part of radius shafts of 48 New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into the SIS/6- CP group(the defect was repaired with SIS/β-TCP), β-TCP group ( with β-TCP), SIS group(with SIS) and blank control group(the defect was left unrepaired) with 12 rabbits in each group. The ability of bone defect repair was evaluated by gross observation, histopathological study, X-ray, quantitative analysis of new bone formation and biome-chanical analysis(bending strength) in 3, 6, 12 and 18 weeks after repair. Results Gross observation, histopathological study and X-ray show that the SIS/6-TCP group and β-TCP group formed more callus early and had more synostosis and better bone remodeling later than 6-TCP group, w h ile only a few callus formed along the border of material and ulna and the place of fracture in SIS group. In the blank group no obvious bone formation were found in the bone defect. Computerized quantitative analysis of new bone formation show SIS/6-TCP group is significant better than β-TCP group in 3 or 6 or 12 weeks except 18 weeks. there were no significant differences in bone formation between the two groups. Biomechanical analysis show bending strength of SIS/6-TCP group were significant higher compared with the 6-TCP group in 6, 12 and 18 weeks after implantation. Conclusion The composites of small intestinal submucosa and beta-tricalcium phosphate has good biological compatibility, and it can be used for one kind of bone substitute material to repair the bone defect. To add small intestinal submucosa seem to enhance the bone formation, while small intestinal submucosa may not suitable for repairing bone defect of shaft merely.
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