| Objective: To observe the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the activation of nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB) and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFa) in human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549). To investigate the effects of Azithromycin on the activity of NF-kB and levels of TNFa which induced by CSE in A549. Methods:A549 were cultured in vitro and exposed to different concentrations of CSE. Then the activity of the cells were observed by MTT. The activity of nuclear factor-KB and levels of TNF-a were observed by immunocytochemistry and ELISA, respectively. A549 was cultured in vitro and then divided into four groups: serum free DMEM, CSE stimulated group; azithromycin-treated group; CSE combined with azithromycin group. The activity of NF-kB as well as the levels of TNFa were studied and measured by immunocytochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Results: The results of MTT in CSE groups were significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). The groups of CSE could induce the expression of NF-kB, peaking at 8 hours. The levels of TNFa were in a time-dependent manner. The groups of 5% and 10% CSE were increased, while the 20% CSE group were decreased compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). 10% CSE could induce the NF-kB activity and increased the concentration of TNFa. However, 10% CSE combined with azithromycin group could recovery the activity of A549 in some tense. It also attenuated the staining colour of NF-kB and the concentration of TNFa(P<0.01). Conclusion: CSE could damage the activity of A549. It's probably through the activity of NF-kB and levels of TNFa. Azithromycin may decrease the secretion of TNFa by suppressing the activity of NF-kB partly. In the view of releasing the out-controlled inflammation mediums, Azithromycin might be one of the treatments in the pulmonary disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma et al.
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