| [Objective] To evaluate the effects of alkali-and heat-treated surfaces of titanium discs on morphology, attachment, proliferation differentiation and actin cytoskeletonof osteoblasts in vitro. [Materials and Methods] Osteoblasts derived from fetal rat calvarial were culturedon 6 different commercially pure titanium (cpTi) substrates—grooved(G), sandblasted (SB) , sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surfaces and alkali-and heat-treated (AH1,AH2,AH3) surfaces. G surfaces were prepared by hand grinding to 600 grits with SiC paper. SB surfaces were treated by TiO2 particles with 356-411μm diameter. SLA surfaces were attacked with acidic solution (H2SO4/HCL) for 10min at 60-70℃. Alkali-and heat-treated ( AH1,AH2,AH3) surfaces were prepared by G, SB, SLA surfaces respectively. G, SB, SLA surfaces were heated to 600℃ for 1h after surfaces were soaked in 5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution at 60℃ for 24h.Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and second electron image(SEI) were used to test surface properties. For morphology and attachment measurement, osteoblasts were cultured for 1,2, 4 and 12 hours , evaluated by SEM ,CLSM observation and MTT Assay. MTT Assay, ALP activity and Osteocalcin(OC) content were evaluated after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation evaluation. Datum were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired t-test (a = 0.05).[ Results ] Osteoblast Attachment After 1 hour culture, the number of cells on SB surfaces was the highest (P<0.05). After 1,2,4,12 hour culture, SB is higher than AH2 surface (P<0.05) . After 2 hours, AH3 is higher than SLA surfaces (P<0.05) .The number of cells on AH1 surfaces was the same(P>0.05 ) as G surfaces. After 4 hours, AH1 is higher than G surfaces (P<0.05) . The number of cells on AH3 surfaces was the same( P>0.05) as SLA surfaces. After 12 hours, the number of cells on G surfaces was the same (P>0.05) as AH1 surfaces.Osteoblast Proliferation After 1 ,3,5,7day...
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