Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome Diagnosed By Capsule Endoscopy: Case Report And Literature Review

Background: Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disease with a ratio of 1:14000. This disorder manifested by skin,gastrointestinal and other internal organs' hemangiomas,which lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. It was first reported by Gascogen in 1860, and one hundred years later Bean describe these lesions and coined the term BRBNS in 1958. So people also call it Bean's syndrome. This disease usually leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical presentation and edoscopy. And capsule endoscopy which was first reported by Iddan Gavriel in 2000 is a new method to find the lesions in small intestine effectively.Objective : To find out what is BRBNS(Blue rubber—bleb nevus syndrome) , include its clinical manifestation,examination,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,and theropy.Discuss the position of capsule endoscopy in diagnosis.Method: Introduce the disease and new examination as a case report and literature review.Report two cases of young man with Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome diagnosed by capsule endoscopy. Both of them presented to hospital with recurrent melena and had skin lesions. And also have a review on the 12 cases reported in China in the last 10 years.Result: Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disease,which lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Reports showed that small bowel is the most frequently involved site, but reports in China has low ratio of the small intestine lesions. Lacking of useful method may the most important reason for this discrepancy. Capsule endoscopy could observe the whole intestine painlessly and widely used in clinical practice, which play a significant role in gastrointestinal haemorrhagia patients whose gastroscopy and enteroscopy are both negative.