Research Of Influenza Virus Vaccine-Chitosan Microspere Immunization By Nasal Cavity

Influenza virus has high infectiousness and can induce acute respiratory illness. The epidemic characteristics have abrupt onset in short-term, pervasion quickly and resulting in prevalence in different degrees including the global pandemic, partly outbreak or diverging; high morbidity with mortality. At present, injecting influenza virus is the main method for preventing influenza.Influenza viral inactivation vaccine is exclusive influenza vaccine being used into homo sapien among having registered influenza vaccines including totivirus inactivation vaccine, schizolysis vaccinum influenzae inactivatum, subunit vaccinum influenzae inactivatum. These vaccines are being developed advanced: live attenuated vaccine, genetically engineering vaccine, gene engineering live vaccine, gene engineering subunit vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, general vaccine etc.Influenza virus chitosan microspere vaccine immunized by nasal cavity provide a new administration route of influenza vaccine which can reduce injecting painfulness, avoid hepatic first pass effect and raise biological availability. The immunizing method by nasal cavity is a new pattern antigen releasing system which manipulation way is convenient,security and can induced mucosa immunity and system immunity releasing antigen to nasal cavity mucosa and avoiding hepatic first pass effect.Chitosan is a natural giant molecular compound which has widespread sources,stable character,biocompatibility, degradation easily in vivo and small toxicity etc. Chitosan has high hydrophilicity, developing dilative ropy gum-liking substance in acid medium which can prevent pharmacal diffusion and dissolution so as to develop delayed releasing microballoons reaching to the objective of delayed releasing. At the same time, it is one slow-releasing immunizing material and adjuvant by nasal cavity mucosa and then motivates and activates personal immunocytes, so FDA in USA licenses it to drug and food.The article has a research to the conditions of full scale operations,technologies and quality monitoring. Making influenza vaccine into chitosan microspere to explore a new efficient route of administration. The result is that the chitosan / influenza virus microspere can be made and reach to the practical standard in size and appearance by electron microscope and microscope in so conditions of final concentration of TPP- 400ug/ml,ratio of solidification– 1:5,the value of pH– 5.6. We made an initial research to chitosan / flu totivirus microspere immunization by nasal cavity. 18 Kunming mouse (6-8w) are divided into 3 groups: chitosan / influenza virus, influenza virus and blank microspere. All mice are booster once after 3 weeks of primary immunity. Gathering blood and rinse solution of nasal passage at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th week separately. Detecting the level of IgG in serum and IgA in rinse solution of nasal passage by indirect ELISA. The experimental results indicate that chitosan / influenza virus can secrete more IgA in distal end of mucosa which are so vital for preventing influenza virus by respiratory infection. In spite of the efficiency of vaccine needs to be approved by most experiments, chitosan microspere immunization is possible for preventing flu by nasal cavity.I hope the experiments could provide practical proofs for researching a new type vaccine which will benefit human.