| [Objective]In order to provide the experiment evidences for the usage of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation for transected spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, we explored the effect of transplantation of cholinergic-like cells, which induced from NSCs of the hippocampus of GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgenic pregnant mouse, on the hind limb motor as well as sensory function recovery. And the cell survival as well as migration after transplantation was also observed.[Methods]Cholinergic-like cells, induced from NSCs of the hippocampus of GFP transgenic pregnant mouse in vitro, were transplanted into the rostral or caudal site of transected spinal cord of rats in acute phase (operation day) or chronic phase (postoperative 7 day) under stereotaxic apparatus. The motor and sensory functional recovery of hind limb was evaluated using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and according to the reaction of pinhead stimulus on hind limb at each weekend in 4 weeks after injury or cells transplantation respectively. After the spinal cord was obtained and done frozen section, the survival and migration as well as immunohistochemistry of transplanted cells were observed under inversion fluorescence microscope and performed. The SPSS 11．5 statistical analysis software package was used to analyze the data.[Results] 1．The BBB scores of transected spinal cord rats increased slowly as the timeprolonged, which indicates the partial recovery of hind limb motor function.2．For the NSCs groups, the BBB scores of rostral transplantation increasedsignificantly in acute and chronic stage than that of the operated group respectively (P<0．05) , while that of caudal transplantation had no significant difference comparedwith that of the operated group (P>0．05) . Both the BBB scores of rostral and caudaltransplantation increased significantly in chronic stage than the scores oftransplantation in acute stage respectively (P<0．05) . The BBB scores of rostraltransplantation in acute and chronic stage increased significantly than that of theircorresponding caudal transplantation groups (P<0．05) .3．Compared to the corresponding transplantation of NSCs groups, the BBBscores of caudal transplantation of cholinergic-like cells group in chronic stageincreased significantly (P<0．05) , however, there is no significant difference amongthe scores of rostral transplantation in chronic stage and rostral as well as caudaltransplantation in acute stage (P > 0．05) . The BBB scores of the chroniccholinergic-like cells transplanted rats in the caudal segment increased significantlythan that of the acute transplanted ones (P<0．05) , but not in the cholinergic-like cellstransplantation in the rostral parts groups (P>0．05) . The BBB scores of rostraltransplantation in acute stage increased significantly than that of caudaltransplantation (P<0．05) . But there is no significant difference between the rostraland caudal segments of chronic transplantation groups (P>0．05) .4．After the spinal cord transection, the recovery of hind limb sensory function ofthe rats in cells transplanted groups were better than that of operated ones.5．The transplanted NSCs and cholinergic-like cells survived in the transectedspinal cord, passed through the transected site and migrated toward both the rostraland cordal segments.[Conclusion]1．After the transected spinal cord injury, the autonomic motor functionrecovered partially in the hind limb of rats.2．The transplantation of NSCs and cholinergic-like cells, induced from NSCs of the hippocampus of GFP transgenic pregnant mouse in vitro, can improve the motorfunction of the transected spinal cord in adult rats. The cell transplantation is better inchronic stage than that in acute stage, and the rostral transplantation is better than thecaudal transplantation. Between the NSCs and the cholinergic-like cellstransplantation, the latter is better for the motor functional recovery of rats subjectedto transected spinal cord.3．After the transected spinal cord injury of rats, the hind limb sensory functionof cells transplantation groups improve more than that of operated group.4．The transplanted cells survive and migrate well in the transected spinal cord.The mechanism might be related to the neurotrophins secreted by transplanted NSCsand the increased cholinergic neurons quantity expressed choline acetyltransferase inthe transected site for the cholinergic-like cells transplantation.
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