The Study Of Physicochemical Properties And Immunologic Functions Of The Pine Nut Polysaccharides

Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc is a rare tree species of Xiao xing an ling in China. The kemel has various functions such as softening vas, reducing blood-fat, cholesterol and triglyceride, so it can be widely exploited.This paper use the pine nut as rough material, studied the extraction process, purification, physicochemical properties, structural features and immunologic functions of the pine nut polysaccharide (PNP) by modem analysis technique. The main results are as follows.1. The polysaccharide was extracted by hot water extraction, ultrasound and microwaveassisted extraction respectively, and the optimal technology of these extractions was majorized. The yields are 6.26%, 10.74% and 6.01%, respectively. The ultrasound and microwaveassisted extraction shorten the extraction time obviously, having the advantage of efficient and energy-saving.2. The purified pine nut polysaccharide (PNPP) was gained through detaching the protein and micromolecular impurity from the crude pine nut polysaccharide (PNPC), and four fractions, PNP1-a, PNP1-b, PNP2-a and PNP3-a were isolated and purified by DEAE-52 ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration chromatography. Four fractions were shown to be homogeneous by paper chromatography (PC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).3. The molecular weights of the four fractions were 1.02×10~5Dal, 1.43×10~4Dal, 1.10×10~5Dal and 1.63×10~5Dal. The unit monosaccharide of PNP1-a was identified as rhamnose and glucose with the rate of 1.00 : 2.57; and the unit monosaccharide of PNP1-b Was identified as arabinose and glucose with the rate of 1.00 : 4.03; PNP2-a and PNP3-a was both consisted of glucose. The structures of the fractions were analysed through FTIR, ultraviolet spectra and NMR spectra, the results showed that monosaccharide of PNP1-a, PNP1-b, PNP2-a and PNP3-a were allβ- pyranose.4. PNPP dosage groups have apparent effects to increase the weight of normal rats' immune organ, each dosage can accelerate the cellular immune function and mononuslear phagocyte function, and 250mg/kg·d has significant difference. Furthermore, PNPP dosage groups have apparent promoter effects to the secretion of normal rats' IL-2 and IL-6, it shows that PNPP can enhance specific humoral immune response.