| Background and Objective:Esophageal carcinoma is one of common malignant tumors of human being. Alongwith going deep into the research of molecular biology in recent years, the studiesshowed that progress to malignancy is a series of complicated multistep events whichinvolve malfunction of many genes, such as activation of proto-oncogenes andinactivation of suppress oncogenes and so on, and result in neoplasia. Nowmechanisms of gene dysregulati are grandually realized by people,which have greateffection on pathogenesis ,diagonose and treatment of esophageal carcinoma.Studies had confirmed that FHIT gene,as a new candidate tumor suppressor gene,had lower expression or abnormal transcript in many primary tumors and tumor celllines,especially for some tumors closely related to environmental carcinogenic agent,suchas digestion malignant tumor,lung carcinoma,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,breastcarcinoma and so on. now many reaserches showed that the deletion of FHIT gene wasnot only closely related to carcinogenesis, but also to the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and invasion,But some reaserchers have contradictoryopinions.So the relationship between FHIT gene and the pathological staging need to beinvestgated continuously.Studies showed there had close relationship between immune function andcarcinogenesis and development of tumor.The process of antigen presenting andactivation of T cell play a essential role.That means that the decline of immune functionimproves activating of oncogene and inactivating of anti-oncogene. The relationshipbetween Langerhans cell,as a kind of antigen presenting cells, and tumor have beenemphasized.Now many reaserches confirmed that LC had a close relationship withcarcinogenesis,but not clear relationship with the degree of differentiation,lymph nodemetastasis and invasion. For FHIT gene is a new anti-oncogeng, there were somepresumptions of synergy between the drcrease of LC and the delete of FHITgene.However, there has been no report about correlation between LC and FHIT gene inthe tumor.In order to deeply reaserch carcinogenesis,therapeutics and prognosis ofesophageal carcinoma, the study on protein expression of FHIT and Langerhans cells inEsophageal carcinoma and the Correlation between them had been investgated by usingimmunohistochemistry.Methods:The expression of FHIT protein and LC were detected by immunohistochemistry SPin 39 cases of normal esophageal tissues and 23 atypical hyperplasia tissues and 39esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(ESCCs) to analysize the relationship between thedelete of FHIT protein and the change of quantity of LC and carcinogenesis anddevelopment of ESCCs.The results of expression of FHIT protein judged according todegree and range of staining.≤3 points is considered negative,and＞3 points is positive.The results of expression of LC judged according to the amout.≤6 points is considerednegative,and＞6 points is positive. The SPSS10.0 Statistical Package program was usefor all analyses.The level of significant difference wasα=0.05. Results:1. The cytoplasm positive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in normal esophagealtissues and atypical hyperplasia tissues and esophageal squamous cell carcinomaswere 89.74％,52.17％and 28.21％respectively, a significant difference amongthem (P＜0.01). In 39 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, the cytoplasmpositive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in the group of well differenciated,moderatly differenciated and pooly differenciated were 55.56％,36.36％and10.53％respectively, a significant difference among them (P＜0.05). Thecytoplasm positive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in the group to invate the lowmuscular layer and the deep muscular layer and fibrous membrane were 33.33％,40％and 25％respectively, no significant difference among them (P＞0.05). Thecytoplasm positive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in the group with lymph nodematastasis and without lymph node matastasis were 38.46％and 7.69％respectively,a significant difference between them (P＜0.05).2. The cytoplasm positive rates of expression of S-100 ptotein of LC in normalesophageal tissues and atypical hyperplasia tissues and ESCCs were 64.10％,30.43％and 41.03％respectively, a significant difference between them (P＜0.05). In 39cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, the cytoplasm positive rates ofexpression of S-100 ptotein in the group of well differenciated,moderatlydifferenciated and pooly differenciated were 77.78％,45.45％and 21.05％respectively, a significant difference between them (P＜0.01). The cytoplasmpositive rates of expression of S-100 ptotein in the group to invate the low muscularlayer and the deep muscular layer and fibrous membrane were 33.33％,40％and42.86％respectively, no significant difference among them (P＞0.05). Thecytoplasm positive rates of expression of S-100 ptotein in the group with lymph nodematastasis and without lymph node matastasis were 53.85％and 15.38％respectively, a significant difference between them (P＜0.01).3. The positive rates of expression of LC in 23 cases of atypical hyperplasia tissues and39 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were 43.48％and 33.33％respectively, no significant difference among them(P＞0.05).Conclusion:1. The positive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in normal esophageal tissues andatypical hyperplasia tissues and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas show andecreasing trend, which indicates that the delete of FHIT gene is closely related tocarcinogenesis in ESCC.2. The positive rates of expression of FHIT ptotein in ESCC has a positive correlationwith the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis,and has nothing withthe invasive depth.3. The quantity of LC in tumor-adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissues decreases,but inthe tumor increases,which shows LC is closely related to carcinogenesis in ESCC.4. The positive rates of expression of LC in ESCC has a positive correlation withthe degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis,and has nothing with theinvasive depth.5. The decreasing of LC has no correlation with the delete of FHIT gene in ESCC.
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