Analysis Of Correlation Factors To Hyponatremia In Patients With Craniocerebral Trauma

Objective: To investigate the correlation factors,incidence and clinical characteristics of hyponatremia in patients with craniocerebral trauma for its exact prevention and treatment.Material and Methods: The clinical data of 641 patients with craniocerebral trauma covering a period from Jan. 2005 to Oct. 2006 were retrospectively studied. All subjects were divided into three groups by GCS score (light=13-15, medium=9-12, severe=3-8), and divided into two groups according to the serum natrium level. (hyponatremia, non-hyponatremia). Influence on serum natremia of traumatic condition, injury type, medicine and operation were analyzed.Results: Incidence of hyponatremia in patients with craniocerebral trauma was 36.04%. Headache aggravated in 162 cases of all Patients with hyponatremia, vomiting aggravated in 20 cases, disturbance of consciousness aggravated in 65 cases, epilepsy in 10 cases, stress ulcer in 14 cases. Incidence of hyponatremia was 26.5%, 46.8%, 49.4% in light, medium, severe groups respectively divided by GCS score. There was statistical significance of the incidence of hyponatremia among the three groups by chi-square test (P﹤0.05); Deterioration rate in hyponatremia and non-hyponatremia groups was 19.5% and 41.6%, There was statistical significance between the two groups (P﹤0.05); Deterioration rate in light, medium and severe hyponatremia was 29.5%, 36.2%, 87.8% respectively, There was statistical significance among the three groups (P﹤0.05); Logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of hyponatremia was related to age ,traumatic condition, vasodilator, operation, cerebral contusion and laceration, cerebroventricular haemorrhage .Conclusion:1. Hyponatremia is common in patients with craniocerebral trauma with the incidence of 36.04%.2. The hyponatremia started from the first day to the fifth day after craniocerebral trauma, with average time was 6.61±5.4 days, lasting 1 to 48 days, with average time was 6.62±6.39 days. Headache and consciousness aggravated were the main symptoms when hyponatremia started.3. The incidence of hyponatremia in medium and severe groups are higher than that of light group. Cerebroventricular haemorrhage and cerebral contusion and laceration are the most important correlation factors.The incidence and extent of hyponatremia are correlated to the prognosis of patients with craniocerebral trauma.