| Objectives Through the establishment of the rat persistent asthma model, we took vitamin A and budesonide as the interventions, so as to comparing asthmatic rats blood T-cell subsets and CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells (CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg), serum cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, lung and spleen's pathology changes in each group, thus they provides the theory basis for vitamin A in the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.Methods On the 1st and 7th day of experiments, 42 adult female SD rats were injected into abdominal cavity with sensitization fluid of 1.0 ml / only / times (the mixtures of 0.08% OVA and aluminum liquid). On the 14th day of the experiments, the rats had been inhaled 1% OVA solution for 3 weeks in order to establish persistent asthma model, daily one time, 30 minutes each time. After three weeks, 42 rats were divided into A, B, C three groups, Group A for the Budesonide group, Group B for Vitamin A group, Group C for Asthma group. There were 14 rats in each group. The intervention of three groups were as follows, each group was given the 1%OVA inhalation to carry on the stimulation as usual every morning, Group A was inhaled 0.02% budesonide saline solutio in the afternoon previous day one time. Group B was inhaled vitamin A 1250 U / ml (90% ethanol for liquid solvent), Group C was inhaled 90 percent alcohol. Each group had been inhaled for 30 minutes, a total of three times. After stimulation 4th week and the 5th week, the rats were taken into two batches, each group of 7 / batch / times, and peripheral venous blood from the orbital venous plexus were 50μl, to detect T-cell subsets by flow cytometry, and then executed the rats, took the blood to determinate IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γby the ELISA law, observated the pathology of the lung organization and the spleen.Results (1) T-lymphocyte subsets and CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg results: After the 4th and the 5th week of stimulation, Vitamin A group of CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell and CD4/CD8, was significantly higher than that of Asthma and Budesonide group. Vitamin A group CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg was higher than Budesonide group, lower than Asthma group, three groups had no significant difference. (2) Cytokines results: After the 4th week of stimulation, there was no significant difference in serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels among three groups. After the 5th week of stimulation, there was no significant difference in serum IL-4, IFN-γlevels between Vitamin A group and Asthma group, the serum IL-10 level of Vitamin A group was significantly lower than that of Asthma group, higher than Budesonide group. The serum IL-4 level of Budesonide group was significantly lower than that of Asthma group. (3) Lung tissue pathological examination: Budesonide group: After the 4th week of stimulation, the number of goblet cell in lung airway epithelial cells increased, the interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes was few. After the 5th week of stimulation, the number of goblet cell in lung airway epithelial cells had markedly increased, the interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes was severe, the alveolar septal was widened significantly, the red blood cells and lymphocytes were exudated into the alveolar space. Vitamin A group: After the 4th week of stimulation, the number of goblet cells in lung airway epithelial cells mild increased, epithelial cell was large expanse of falls off, interstitial lymphocytes was severe infiltrated, alveolar septal was widened significantly. After the 5th week of stimulation, lung airway epithelial cells had been recovery, basal cell was integrity, goblet cells decreased significantly, the stromal cell was severe infiltrated, alveolar widened slightly, the lymphocytes was exudated into alveolar cavity. Asthma group: After the 4th week of stimulation, the number of goblet cells in lung airway epithelial cells increased, the infiltration of interstitial lymphocytes was morderate and severe, alveolar septal was widened significantly. After the 5th week of stimulation, there were many goblet cells in lung airway epithelial cells, the infiltration of interstitial lymphocytes was severe, the widened level of alveolar septal was to reduce.Conclusions (1) The inhalation of vitamin A can make asthmatic rats serum CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells increased, CD4/CD8 ratio increased, CD8~+ T cells decreased. (2) The inhalation of vitamin A can make asthma serum cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 lower. (3) After 4th week, the inhalation of vitamin A can increase the spleen lymphocyte proliferation, lung lymphocytes infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, the toxic role of lung airway epithelial cells. After the 5th week of stimulation, the dissipation of inflammatory was faster than other groups, the inhalation of vitamin A can shorten the course of asthmatic rat.
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