The Study Of Influencing Factors And Intervention Effect On Breast-Feeding In Shenyang Urban Area

PrefaceBreast milk is regarded as the optimal natural food of infant development. Breast-feeding has incomparable benefits to the infant, the mother, the family, the hospital and the society.The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children' s Fund advocate that the pure breast-feeding is the optimal feeding method for infants within 6 months, but the real situation of breast-feeding cannot be optimistic. Surveys indicate that the pure breast-feeding rate has been gradually decreasing recently in China. The decrease has become one of the main reasons for high infant mortality in China. Therefore, it's very necessary to find effective methods to increase breast-feeding rate.Object and MethodThe research was to determine the effect of publicity, education and intervention on the pregnant and parturient women to increase the breast-feeding rate. It included two parts: in the first part, the pregnant women of Shenyang City were selected randomly as research objects, and the effect factors of breast-feeding were analyzed according to the breast-feeding situation; and in the second part, with the randomly selected pregnant women as research objects, the intervention experiment was carried out according to the effect factors of breast-feeding rate, in order to find the intervention measures to increase the breast-feeding rate.1,Research Objects: pregnant and parturient women in Shenyang City 2,Method: Two communities were randomly selected from each of five districts of Shenyang City, and from each district, 120 mothers of infants aged 6～24 months were selected randomly as research objects to investigate the reasons for feeding patterns and non-breast-feeding; and the total of 931 pregnant women from all the districts were selected as the investigation target group, which were divided randomly into control group, training group and material group to carry out the intervention experiment. After giving birth, the women of the above three groups were investigated to analyze the intervention effect and the breast-feeding rate.Result1,Among 1025 parturient women, 28.8% chose pure breast-feeding, 24.6% almost pure breast-feeding, 12.7% mixed feeding and 33.9% artificial feeding.2,The breast-feeding rate was related to delivery method, family income and age: the breast-feeding rate of normal delivery was high and the breast-feeding rate of caesarean birth was low; the bigger the age and the higher the family income, the lower the breast-feeding rate was.3,The statistics of effect factors of the pure breast-feeding rate: 40.4% didn't understand the benefits of pure breast-feeding to mothers; 40.2% lacked self-confidence of breast-feeding; 39.3% didn't understand benefits of pure breast-feeding to infants; 38.2% worried about infants' malnutrition because of dilute breast milk; 38.0% felt shortage of breast milk;37.5% lacked knowledge of specific practice of breast-feeding;29.9% were reluctant to feed breast milk and 24.7% didn't have enough time for breast-feeding from their working unit.4,The discovery of comparison between groups after intervention: Compared with the breast-feeding rate of the material group and the control group, the breast-feeding rate of the training group had significant difference P=0.000; there's no statistical difference between material group and control groupＰ＝0.352. There's significant difference, P=0.000, for the comparison between control group plus material group and training group. Discussion1,The result of the research shows that the pure breast-feeding rate of the investigated parturient women is 28.8%, and the almost pure breast-feeding rate is only 24.6%, which is much lower than 60%, the pure breast-feeding rate of U.S and the developed European countries. It's indicated that the problem of decreasing breast-feeding rate should arouse great attention of the international community.The main reason for decreasing breast-feeding rate is that the pregnant and parturient women generally lack relevant knowledge of breast-feeding, which is the outstanding problem of China's decreasing breast-feeding rate. This research shows that compared with material group and control group, the training group has significant difference in the total average score of the relevant breast-feeding knowledge. Through intervention on pregnant women, the target group's understanding and knowledge level of breast-feeding and other relevant problems can surely be increased in different degree.2,By effective health education training, the breast-feeding rate of the training group has significant difference compared with that of the material group and the control group; but there is no significant difference between the material group and the control group. This shows that training is the effective, convenient and feasible means to increase the breast-feeding rate.Conclusion1,The breast-feeding rate of Shenyang City is lower than that of the developed countries, so it must explore an appropriate, effective and feasible intervention method.2,Participating in training group can increase the breast-feeding rate most obviously, which is proved to be an intervention measure of low cost, high output and good benefit. This suggests that at the aspect of maternal and child health, we can guarantee the breast-feeding rate by health education training, which is simple, easy and effective. 3,The breast-feeding is affected by psychology, mentality, emotion, family, social environment, etc., and it is a behavior which requires learning and support. Its beginning and continuance need to get right and regular guidance and support and suitable environment.4,The universality of the result of the investigation: Because the group samples were randomly selected from the districts of Shenyang City, it should be suitable for other cities in China, and it has active and extensive application significance.