The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation For Different Times On Amino Acid And C-Fos Protein Expression In Habenular Of The Rats

Sleep is an initiative process of center nervous system,which can enhance the body resistance, alleviate fatigue and consolidate the memory. Adequate sleep is the best rest, is not only the maintenance of health and strength of the foundation, but also a guarantee to obtain a high production capacity. Sleepless can cause human disease and rduce the immunopotency , which can add to other diseases or diseases induced by the original attack. Now,there is a lot of people such as medical, aerospace, transport workers, have particularly serious sleep deficiency ,which will damage their own health, but also have a clear negative impact to their work .In recent years, the social problems of sleepless and other related diseases caused by is increasing year by year,which has become the research focus of social biology and the medical sector.γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate are the most important inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter in brain.The contents and their receptors of glutamate and r-aminobutyric acid in different brain regions involved in sleep process and the different sleep-phase conversion.It also plays an important role in the regulation of sleep.The ratio of glutamic acid with r-aminobutyric acid is generally recognized scientific community sign to measure the excitatory nerve nuclei. Brain neurons have at least 20% are GABA neurons. Glutamate is an amino acid to the most content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which plays a fundamental role in the process in cortical activity and arousal. A number of glutamate receptor's antagonist have sedative and anesthetic effects, such as ketamine. Habenular nucleus of rats has the distribution of AMPA glutamate receptors, and many research reports prompted NMDA receptor is likely to exist in LHb. In some researchs's opnion,there is research on the regulation of sleep arousal mechanisms.It maybe lay in the combination of the two receptors of Glu and LHb,which may exert excitatory effects through its proposed issue of the role of cholinergic fibers in the local GABA neurons, that will produced inhibitory effect of the implementation by the 5-HT neurons of dorsal raphe nucleus. c-fos is a kind of immediate early genes, are nuclear proteins within cellular oncogene.It is studied that the activity of c-fos genes involved in many important brain functions of the signal transduction and regulation process.A variety of stimulating factors, such as lack of oxygen, light stimulation, mechanical stimulation and pain could induce the expression of c-fos in the central nervous system. A lot of stimulation could induce the expression of c-fos, and with the difference of stimulus type, intensity and duration,there will be various at the time, location and quantity on c-fos gene expression.For rats,the sleep deprivation as a kind of noxious stimulation,is regulated from the change to the behavior in the sleep-related changes in cell excitability by center nervous system,which thus lead to the generation and Change of c -fos.Habenular nucleus which is located near the rear of the dorsal thalamus, as a bilateral composite structure, constitute the hypothalamus with pineal gland. Neuroanatomical study shows that,there is close contact fibers between Hb and SCN,which suggest that Hb may be involved in the circadian rhythm of the adjustment process. Hb are important hub from cerebral to the edge of the brain ,for implementation through extensive project for many physiological functions of regulation and control. Besides SCN,Hb have a close contact with many sites between fibers participating in sleep activity, such as the preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic area, raphe nuclei and so on, they issued a direct projection fibers to the Hb. Hb also issued a direct projection fibers to the hypothalamic nucleus, PVN, medial area of the hypothalamus, locus coeruleus and the reticular formation and so on, these brain regions are important structural regulation of sleep. Hb has also issued many fiber projection to the interpeduncular nucleus ,by indiret or direct inter-nuclear projection to the tegmental midbrain structure involved in sleep regulation.Habenular nucleus and pineal are adjacent,with close contact in the morphology and function .The firing of pineal gland can be induced by exciting habenular,and Some of the pineal silent cells can be rised only by the habenular nucleus when they have a discharge. Pineal gland are an important target to regulation of circadian rhythm for SCN,which can synthesis melatonin.Melatonin involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm in the SCN and in many types of systems. And the habenular nucleus,especially the lateral habenular nucleus rich in melatonin receptors, show that the habenular nucleus is also an important role in pineal target, and the pineal gland also accepted habenular nucleus projection fibers, which implies that habenular nucleus involved in the regulation of sleep are possible through the pineal gland.The content of GLU and GABA and c-fos protein expression in habenular nucleus were observed through the establishment of the experimental model of sleep deprivation to explore the habenular nucleus neuronal activity changes and the regulating role of sleep. The results showed that:(1). Amino acid neurotransmitters in habenular nucleus :Glutamic acid: compared to the control group with large platform, SD1d are statistically significant increase.γ-aminobutyric acid: compared with TC group , SD3d and SD3dr has increased significa- ntly. inobutyric acid: compared with the TC Group, SD1d content has increased significa- ntly;compared with SD1d, SD3d have lower statistical significance.(2). C-fos protein expression cells in the lateral habenular nucleus: compared with the TC Group, SD1d and SD3d +3 h are statistically increaseing; compared SD3d with SD3dr, SD3dr is statistical significance increasing.(3). C-fos protein expression cells in the medial habenular nucleus: compared with TC group, SD3d content have lower statistical significance;From the above results we have reached the following conclusions:1. The excitatory neurotransmitter in habenular nucleus in the rat after sleep deprivation increases, but with the denial of the extension of time the extent of the increase reduced, the increase recovery again after the resumption of sleep; however,the sleep-promoting neurotransmitter (GABA) as the time of sleep deprivation increased even more significantly, but slightly lower after the resumption of sleep; the ratio of Glu / GABA which measured nucleus activion increased first and then decreased, the ratio of the resumption of sleep increased again, which assumes that habenular nucleus may have a sleep-promoting role.2. The c-fos expression of lateral habenular nucleus was significantly increased after sleep deprivation,but with the denial of the extension of time to the level of its expression reduced; which expressd that excited lateral habenular nucleus involved in the sleep deprivation of sleep rebound after the initial process. Medial habenular nucleus made no obvious significance.