Application Of Tumor Markers In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid For The Diagnosis Of Peripheral Lung Cancer

Nowadays,as the morbidity of lung cancer increasing each year,it has became one of the few diseases that lead to death most.Lacking of obvious and specific clinical symptom,most patients can not be diagnosed until it was too late,missing the treatment opportunity.Central-type lung cancer can be diagnosed more easily by endobronchial biopsy via bronchoalveolar lavage as well as imaging features.Peripheral lung cancer,especially primary lung cancer or without a typical imaging features but a clinical suspicion,is hard to be found in time for the difficulties of getting the neoplastic tissue,which ask for more powerful diagnostic tools.Bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) is a technic plugging segmental bronchia with warm normal saline or special lotion to obtain the specimen and secretion of neoplastic tissue brushed off from the sample area,and analyse,so it is called"liquid-based biopsy".It has great meaning in the diagnoses , differential diagnosis and the evaluation of prognosis of forpart or diffuse neoplastic tissue.Right now,tumor marker detection is more and more often used in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis,for it has a better sensitivity ,specificity and lower price,which shows great development potential.As the apply of new investigative techniques such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry,and molecular biology techniques,more and more new tumor markers are suggested.Recently, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase(NSE), carbohydrate antigen(CA), ferritin(Ft), tissue polypeptide antigen(TPA), tissue polypeptide- specific Antigen(TPS),tumor supplied group of factors(TSGF) and so on are used frequently,all have their own charactors in diagnostic sensitivity,specificity ,showing the neoplastic histotype and staging of tumor.They provide an important assistant approach to diagnose forpart,peripheral lung cancer.