Systemic Identification Research On Radix Astragali

Radix Astragali is one of the most useful herbs in traditional Chinese medicine that firstly recorded in "Shen Nong's herbal classic".They are commonly used for the treatment of immunomodulating,memory-improving,antiageing,antiviral,antirhinoviral and antitumor et al.In the pharmacopoeia,they are recognized as nourishing food to build up one's health.In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,two species are described as licorice:Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.Flora of China record that Astragalusmembranaceus f.pallidipurpureus Hsiao.is endemic in Gansu,Ningxia,Qinghai and Sichuan (northwest) in China.It is the same medicinal purposes value as A.membranaceus. However,the varieties and other infraspecific taxa of the complex are still in need of revision.Field observations,morphology,palynology and molecular biology study, the taxonomic revision of Radix Astragali has been made.We suggest treat A. pallidipurpureus stat.nov as a newspecies,A.membranaceus.var.heilongjiangus var.novdistributed in Heilongjiang as a new variety.The main results are summarized as follows:1.Classified history and diversify of the famous-region drugAccording to the comprehensive studies by the examination on herbarium specimens,Classified history of Radix Astragali is made.We also research diversify of the famous-region grug.The famous-region drug were changed from Gansu, northern part of Sichuan,southern part of Shanxi to Neimengu and Northeast area.2.Study on morphology identification in different source of Radix AstragaliAfter careful study on the morphology of Radix Astragali,the author found that the shapes of leaflets and pods were reliable diagnostic characteristics,and that the number of leaflets,the color of flowers were also useful for the delimitation.3.Study on palynology identification in different sources of Radix AstragaliPollen grains of Radix Astragali were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time.The pollen grains were prolate spheroidal or oblate spheroidal.The colpi were tricolporate.The variation in the pollen's shape,size and exine sculpture in the genus provided some taxonomic support for existing classifications.4.Study on molecule identification in different source of Radix AstragaliThe trnH-psbA intergenic region on chloroplast DNA(cpDNA) of Radix Astragali were sequenced.Data were obtained for 425 samples from 22 populations.Ten haplotypes were recorded.Hap2,Hap3,Hap4,Hap5 and Hap 10 were present on A.membranaceus.var.mongholicus,Most of it(73.6%)had the Hap2 haplotype.In A.membranaceus identified based on morphologic features,the Hap6,Hap7,Hap8 and Hap9 haplotypes were observed.Most of it(67.9%) had the Hap7 haplotype.The Hap1 only was observed in A.membranaceus f.pallidipurpureus.Our results support the notion that the trnH- psbA intergenic spacer region could be used as a barcode to distinguish various Radix Astragali.5.A.membranaceus.var.heilongjiangus var.nov -a new gradation of Astragalus L.We firstly discovered that A.membranaceus distributed in Heilongjiang differs froms others in the number and size of leaflets,germinal furrow,simultaneously posses the haplotypes of A.membranaceus and A.membranaceus.var.mongholicus.A new gradaton,A.membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.Heilongjiangus(Hsiao) D.Q et L.Q.Huang,is proposed.At the same time,the population variation is also discussed.6.Study on genetic relationship of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in different producing area using SRAPThrough sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) analysis to study the genetic relationship of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus in different producing area. About 141 amplified fragments and 69 polymorphic fragments were detected 16 SRAP primer combinations.The percentage of polymorphic fragments was 48.9%.By the use of UPGMA cluster analysis with genetic distance,Astragalus could be soundly divided into two provenance plots of Gansu and Shanxi.The study demonstrated that molecular markers will provides more efficiency evidence for genetic different tiation in different producing area,It showed that SRAP were an effective,cheap and dependable for genetic relationship of Astragalus.The study provide theoretical references for conservation and study on the development and application of germ plasm resource from Astragalus.