| Urtica fissa E. Pritz is an Urtica plant attach to the Urticaceae, as a common folk medicine and ethnic drug, it is recorded by the Tibet pharmacopeia, which is widely used in the Han nationality and other minority for treating many diseases such as rheumatism,inflammation of bruises and sprains, skin pruritus, postnatal convulsion, infantile convulsion and urticaria etc. The Urtica plants in china feature the poly-species, lati-distribution and plentiful resources, overgrowing sting bristle in its stalk and left is their biological characteristic. People whose skin touched the urtica plants can feel itching, painful and even become blistering and ulcerative. Therefore the people stay at a repeataful distance from the Urtica, that's why there have very little researches on the Urtica plants in china until the beginning of this century. These abundant resources still remain their course and weren't exploited. However, the German scientists'discoveries that the the Sting Nettle (Urtica Dioica) had a positive effect to the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) have revoked the extensive attentions of scholars in many countries, especially the Chinese scientists.The Urtica plants in china feature plentiful resources, about 16 species. The effects of 20% and 95% ethanol extracts of aerial and underground parts of 6 Urtica plants against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied by our research group. Based on the results, most extracts of Urtica plants had inhibitory activities against BPH in different degrees. Particularly, the extracts of aerial part of Urtica fissa E. Pritz. And Urtica. Mairei Levl. were the most effective.As 5α-reductase is a key mediate enzyme in the formation of BPH, it makes testosterone(T) change dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and DHT is the key point which can induce BPH, so, to inhibit the activity of the 5α-reductase is a key factor which treat BPH. 5α-reductase inhibitor's models in vitro established by Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay separately were set up to screent Urtica fissa E. Pritz. roots'extracts. The experimental results showed the n-butanol fraction in the 95% ethanol extract of roots of Urtica fissa E. Pritz. could the activity of the 5α-redutase in vitro.The chemical constituents of Urtica fissa E. Pritz.were studied to clarify the effective ingredients of Urtica fissa E. Pritz.in this paper. 18 compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Urtica fissa E. Pritz. by solvent extraction and various chromatographic methods, such as silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and so on. By spectral analysis, physico-chemical properties and comparison with literature data, the structures of 14 compounds were identified. They were elucidated as following: 3, 4-cis-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl methyl-4-[bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl] butyrolactone(1),3,4-trans-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl methyl-4-[bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl]butyrolactone (2),3,4-trans-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl methyl-4-[bis (3-methoxy-4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]butyrolactone(3),3,4-trans-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl methyl-4- [(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy-4- methoxyphenyl) methyl]butyrolactone (4),α-amyrin (5),β-amyrin (6),oleanolic acid (7),bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether (8),5-hydroxylmethylfuraldehyde (9),4-hydroxybenzoic acid (10),scopoletin (11),scopolin (12),daucosterol (13),β-sitosterol (14). Among them, compound 1~4 are determined as new compound. 1~11 were isolated from the species for the first time.
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