| Objective:In order to understand the virus infection pattern between upper and lower respiratory tract, common respiratory viruses and newly respiratory viruses such as HBoV, hMPV were detected from nasal washing fluid of children with rhinitis and/or sinusitis. Cell count and classification from the nasal washing fluid were compared between virus positive group and negative group.Methods:1. By fixed one day per week from December 2007 to November 2008, nasal washing fluid of children with rhinitis and/or sinusitis in ENT outpatient Department of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University was collected.2. DNA Virus detection: DNA was extracted from 200μl aliquot of each sample by using QIAamp ? DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN Inc, USA) and detected by PCR.3. RNA Virus detection: RNA was extracted from 200μl supernatant of each sample by using QIAamp ? RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN Inc, USA) and detected by PT-PCR.4. Cell count and classification: All samples were divided into virus positive group and virus negative group. With Swiss staining, the cell count and classification were determined.Results:1. General information:Totally three hundred sixty three nasal washing fluids were collected through December 2007 to November 2008 from children with rhinitis and/or sinusitis in the ENT outpatient Department. Ninety five nasal washing fluids were qualified to do further study. Out of the 95 samples, 56 were boys and 39 were girls. The age was between 1.6 and 15 years old, Average age was 78.2±38.4 months. The diagnosis included as follows: 46 cases with sinusitis, 37 cases with rhinitis, 6 cases with allergic rhinitis, 3 cases with allergic rhinitis and sinusitis, 3 cases with polyp.2. Positive rate and proportion of virus detection:Out of 95 nasal washing fluids, virus positive samples were accounted for 30 cases. The percentage of virus positive detection was 31.58%. Among the 30 positive-detected samples, 25 were single virus infection (83.33%) and 5 were co-infection (16.67%). Excluding co-infections, all viruses detected were listed below: AdV positive cases accounted for 23.3%(7/30), HBoV for 20%(6/30), RhV for 10%(3/30), IFV-A for 10%(3/30), RSV for 6.7% (2/30), PIV-1 for 3.3%(1/30), PIV-3 for 3.3%(1/30), CoV-OC43 for 3.3%(1/30), hMPV for 3.3%(1/30), IFV-B was not detected for all samples. AdV and RhV were easily co-infected with other viruses. Concretely speaking, it was AdV + hMPV, AdV + PIV-1, RhV + RSV, RhV + HBoV, RhV + AdV. Virus positive rates were detected 28.6% (16/56) in boys and 35.9% (14/39) in girls. Of 30 cases with virus infection, 4 of the children were less than 3 years old; 10 of the children were between 3 and 6 years old; 16 of the children were between 6 and 12 years old; there was no positive detection more than 12 years old. The positive rate was 42.86% (12/28) in winter and spring, on the contrary, it was 26.87% (18/67) in summer and autumn. There was no statistical difference of gender, age and season. The most common diagnosis of virus positive detection was rhinitis and sinusitis.3. The clinic feature of newly respiratory viruses:The detection rate of the newly respiratory virus HBoV was 8.42% (8/95), it was just lower than AdV. The average age of HBoV infection was 62.8±20.5 months. 5 were boys and 3 were girls. 5 samples were detected in winter and spring, and the others were detected in summer and autumn. Besides, the positive cases of newly respiratory virus hMPV accounted for 2, the 2 samples were detected respectively in February and May, for one girl who was more than 10 years old and one boy who was 2 years old.4. Cell count and classification: The percentage of eosinophil was 7.6±6.3% in the virus positive group, and it was 4.2±5.2% in virus negative group. The percentage of eosinophil of virus positive group was significantly higher than virus negative group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in neutrophil and lymphocyte.Conclusion:Besides common respiratory viruses such as AdV and RhV, Newly respiratory virus-bocavirus was detected in NWF as one of the important viruses in patients with rhinitis and/or sinusitis. Virus infection induced eosinophil infiltration in local nasal mucosa might be related to nasal hypersensitivity status. The mechanism and association with wheezing attack need to be further studied.
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