The Investigation And Analysis Of Myopia Among Primary School Students In District Babaishang Of Daqing

Myopia is referred as parallel light focuses in front of the retina through refractive system of eye, in the relaxed state .With the rapid development of modern technology, proximity operations and reading materials increase significantly , resulting in a gradual upward trend of human myopia. Myopia has become common and frequently-occurring disease, and influenced the healthy growth of primary and secondary students, not only seriously affecting the majority of primary and secondary students'learning, living, employment, and also doing harm on their physical, psychological aspects.Many times'national survey to physical health of students showed that prevalence of myopia is characterized by the following five aspects:①among 7 ~ 22-year-old pupils and students, the average acuity gradually decreased with age, the detection rate of low visual acuity and severity increased signific a ntly .②thedetection rates of women's bad eyesight and myopia are both higher than that of men.③with increasing age, the ratio of severe visual impairment increase gradually.④Students in key schools bearing heavy burden of learning, detection rate of visual impairment among them is higher than non-key schools.⑤the main nature of the visually impaired is myopia.The incidence of myopia in China is one of the highest in the world, and in recent years, there is a gradual upward trend. Many reasons account for the incidence of myopia, and genetic factors play a limited role for the incidence of myopia among students, but environmental factor is the prominent cause to determine the occurrence of myopia. Especially the improper habit of reading or writing has obvious effect on the occurrences, development of myopia. Myopia has brought great inconvenience to the life and study of primary school students, and serious myopia even leads to the occurrence of some eye diseases. Therefore, it is of great value to actively take preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of myopia.Objectives: To understand the situation of myopia and analyze the risk factors of causing myopia among primary school students in Babaishang District, Daqing City; and to make a comprehensive evaluation of results, providing evidences for the targeted prevention of myopia students and making practical intervention programs for myopia among primary school students.Methods: With a random cluster sampling method, four elementary schools are randomly selected from all primary schools, and students in grades (1-5 grades) of these four primary schools are investigated. The survey was undertaken to understand eyesight of students, the behavior of reading and writing and genetic factors and so on with self-made questionnaire survey. SAS is used to analyze data,χ2 test used to compare rates.Results:1 The incidence of myopia among students in the teaching area- district Babaishang, Daqing City totally is 21.26%, and the incidence of myopia from Grade 1 to Grade 5 is 8.45%,10.32%,18.36%,26.48%,34.48%, respectively. With the grade rises, there is a gradual upward trend of the incidence; and The incidence of myopia among girls is 23.22%, 19.35% among boys. The incidence of myopia of girls is higher that of boys at all grade levels.2 Most pupils have some improper behavior of reading and writing , This research shows that: behavioral factors including watching TV and time is too long, playing games and time is too long, the distance between eyes and the book too far or too near, reading when lying in bed, lying on the table reading, walking, in transportation device , in addition to reading when lying on the table is not statistically significant, the other are statistically significant, indicating such undesirable behavior likely to cause eye fatigue, which lead to myopia.3. This study shows the incidence of myopia among children whose parents are both myopia, whose father myopia, whose mother myopia, and whose parents normal is 65.31%,63.64%,59.56%,16.56%, respectively, the differences are statistically significant, indicating children whose parents are both short-sighted or one is have a greater chance of suffering from myopia, genetic factors may be one factor causing myopia.Conclusions:1 The prevalence rate of myopia among students in district Babaishang Daqing is relatively low compared with Harbin,Shenyang, etc. and becomes higher with the stages of learning. The myopia prevalence of girls in different grade is generally higher than the same grade boys.2 Bad behaviors such as watching television, playing games, incorrect posture of reading and writing exist prevalently among primary school students. Forming correct behavior should be the key aspect in myopia prevention among primary school students.3 Genetic factors also may determine the occurrence of myopia to a certain extent; children whose parents suffer from myopia have relatively high risk of myopia. So students whose parents suffer from myopia should be the key groups of myopia control, health screening for their eyesight should improve and prevention also should be strengthened.