| Objective To understand the current situation and cognition of myopia among primary and middle school students in Baota District,Yan'an,and analyze the influencing factors of myopia,this paper puts forward the intervention measures for myopia and suggestions on delaying the occurrence and development of myopia in primary and secondary school students,which provides reference for improvement and prevention of myopia of primary and secondary school students in this region.Methods By means of cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among some 4,745 primary and secondary school students and their parents,and 991 teachers in Baota District of Yan'an to obtain students' myopia status,cognition and influencing factors of myopia,and their parents and teachers' cognition of myopia information.The data was calculated and analyzed statistically to explore the impact of environmental factors on myopia by using single-factor and multi-factor correlation analysis and analyze genetic effects on myopia through the calculation of heritability.Results 1.The total myopia detection rate of primary and secondary school students in Baota District of Yan 'an was 53.32%,and the myopia detection rates of grade 1 to grade 3,grade 4 to grade 6,junior high school and senior high school were22.60%,47.34%,71.61% and 82.22%,respectively.The detection rate increases with the grade.2.Among myopia students,there were 1104 male students and 1426 female students.The myopia detection rates of male and female students were 49.77% and56.43%,respectively.The detection rate of girls was higher than that of boys,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.Among the 2530 students with myopia,the proportion of mild myopia was45.1%(1141/2530),the proportion of moderate myopia was 41.7%(1055/2530),and the proportion of severe myopia was 13.2%(334/2530).4.46.77% of the students did not know the harm of myopia,but the students had a better understanding of the occurrence and development of myopia.51.13% of parents thought that myopia could be prevented.Parents mainly learn about myopia through the Internet,and their relatives and friends,so their perception of myopia was relatively simple.Most parents believed that the adverse effects of myopia were only unclear vision,impact on learning and other factors,while teachers thought that the main reason for the high incidence of myopia was the use of electronic products for a long time without doing eye exercises etc.51.06% of teachers thought that it was more appropriate to arrange students' outdoor activities for 1~2 hours every day.5.Environmental factor analysis: the results of single factor showed that there were10 influencing factors from grade 1 to grade 3,such as the time of using electronic products,outdoor activities,sleep,diet and other factors.In addition to the above 10 factors in grades 4-6 and junior-senior high school,factors such as the distance between eyes and books when reading and the time of extracurricular study in a weekdays also affect the incidence of myopia in primary and secondary schools.Moreover,parents' educational level is also related to the occurrence and development of myopia in primary and secondary school students.Multi-factor results showed that the risk factors of myopia in grade 1~3 and grade 4~6 were mainly excessive use of electronic products and excessive intake of sweets.In junior high school,apart from electronics,increased study time is a risk factor for myopia.In senior school,less sleep time and increased learning burden is also a risk factor for myopia.At the same time,it was found that factors such as reasonable diet,increased outdoor activity time and sports are the protective factors for myopia in this survey.6.Heritability results showed that the heritability of first-degree and second-degree relatives of myopic students was(0.22852±0.0199,22.85%)and(0.3428±0.0359,34.28%),respectively.The heritability of severe myopic students was higher than that of moderate and mild myopic students.Conclusions 1.The survey results showed that in 2019,the morbidity rate of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Baota District,Yan' an was basically the same as that of teenagers nationwide.With the increase of grade,the myopia rate increased and the myopia degree deepened.Students,their parents andteachers lack cognition of myopia.Therefore,the situation of preventing and controlling myopia in primary and middle school students is still very serious.Improving students,parents and teachers' awareness of myopia is one of the important means to prevent myopia.Therefore,the prevention and control of primary and secondary school student's myopia is still serious.Improving students,parents and teachers' awareness of myopia is one of the important means to prevent myopia.2.The etiology of myopia is complex,mainly environmental factors and genetic factors.The paper studies the main risk factors affecting the myopia of primary and secondary school students,such as the distance from books,the time of using electronic products,learning time,comfort level of desks and chairs,sleep,sweets,moderate and severe myopia relatives myopia.However,outdoor activities,ball games,eye exercises and intake of lutein and calcium food are the protective factors of myopia.Young parents should also pay attention to their own vision protection.3.The research on the changes and influencing factors of myopia in primary and middle school students in Baota District of Yan'an City reminds us that we should take scientific methods to prevent and control myopia in primary and middle school students as soon as possible.It is recommended that schools,relevant departments and families cooperate to effectively control students' use of electronic products,reasonably arrange the time for learning,sleeping,and outdoor activities,and more effectively prevent the occurrence of myopia.During the development of myopia,patients should choose appropriate prevention measures under the guidance of professional ophthalmologists. |
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