| Objective To investigate the pollution condition of gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, CO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 , PM10) in the cooking oil fumes from three types of domestic fuel combustion, and to analyze the concentration of eight kinds of metal elements (lead, chromium, copper, cadmium, manganese, zinc, iron, mercury) and two kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene, benzo [a] pyrene) in PM2.5, PM10.Methods The gas detector was used to detect the concentration of gas pollution(SO2, NO2, CO, CO2);the weighing method was used to analyze the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10; the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd in PM2.5 and PM10, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) was adopted for quantitative detection, meanwhile the concentration of Mn, Zn, Fe was detected through the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry(FAAS), Hg by means of cold vapor atomic absorption, and Ph, B[a]P by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results All the concentration of pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, CO2, PM2.5 , PM10) in our study exceeded the concentration limits specified in Chinese Indoor Air Quality Standard, and the bigger times of ultra standard(Times)were CO2 (5.2) generating from natural gas, NO2 (11.1) from liquefied petroleum gas, SO2 (12.4) , CO (16.5) from coal, 117.0 and 145.5 respectively for the PM2.5 and PM10 sourcing from natural gas; The analysis of metal composition showed that the contents of manganese, zinc and iron were higher than lead and copper, and the lowest were chromium, cadmium, mercury. The analysis on the organic composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons revealed that phenanthrene could cause serious indoor air pollution, and the concentration of benzo [a] pyrene far exceeded the concentration limits in Chinese Indoor Air Quality Standard.Conclusions Serious indoor air pollution was caused by the gaseous pollutants and particulate matter released by three types of domestic fuel combustion in cooking oil fumes, and different fuel resulted in different pollution. The metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PM2.5 , PM10 were of high pollution level. So cooking oil fumes were the major source of indoor air pollution, and posed a high pollution level. Objective To study the effect of PM2.5 on the morphology, viability, IL-10 level and IL-10 mRNA expression of A549 cellsMethod Human lung cancer cell line A549 was exposed to different concentrations of PM2.5 suspensions prepared in advance. The suspensions were arranged as follows: 25μg/ml, 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml (non-NAC group); 100μg/ml +10 mmol/L NAC (NAC group), with 0μg/ml as blank membrane control group. A549 cell was exposed in different groups of PM2.5 suspensions for 12 hours, 24 hours and 36 hours respectively, inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes and photos were taken. Adopt MTT method to test cell viability. Collect the supernatant after A549 exposed in the PM2.5 suspensions for 24 h and 36 h to detect the IL-10 level through ELISA method. Results (1) After being exposed to different dose groups of PM2.5 suspensions for 12 h,the A549 cells did not experience obvious morphological changes, but for 24 h, the morphological changes were more obvious than the control group. As the dose increased, the A549 cells went through such changes as shrink, becoming round, boundary blur, dissolution and necrosis. Less damage happened in Non-NAC group compared with NAC group.(2) After A549 cells were exposed to different dose groups of PM2.5 suspensions for 12 h, there was no difference in the rate of cell viability compared with the control group and also no difference between NAC group and non-NAC group, but for 24 hours and 36 hours, the rate of cell viability decreased and at the same time the rate of cell viability in non-NAC group is much higher than in NAC group. (3) After A549 cells were exposed to different dose groups of PM2.5 suspensions for 12 h, there was no difference in IL-10 level among control group, non-NAC group and NAC group, but for 36 h, IL-10 level all increased compared with control group and IL-10 level in NAC group is lower than non-NAC group.Conclusion PM2.5 in cooking oil fumes had obvious cytotoxicity on the A549, and the toxicity could be induced to change cell morphology and reduce the rate of cell viability after A549 exposed for 24h. IL-10 level in A549 increased obviously after A549 exposed for 36h ; NAC had a protective effect on the A549 cell injury induced by PM2.5.
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