The Research On Level Of CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺Foxp3⁺T Cell In Peripheral Blood And Expression Of Foxp3⁺ Protein In Decidua Of Patient With Preeclampsia

ObjectivePreeclampsia(PE) is a gestational idiopathic disease, the incidence rate in China is 9-12%. Because PE is one of important reasons resulting in pregnant women and perinatal fetus'death, over the years it is still the keystone of perinatal medical research. Many studies have shown that maternal-fetal immune tolerance imbalance is the central link in the pathogenesis of PE. CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells are a group of T cell subsets which have important immune suppression function, recently specialists think that during pregnancy the CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells exists in mother peripheral blood, decidua and fetal umbilical cord blood, however the number of cells are much more than non-pregnant women, T cell not only take part in maternal-fetal immune tolerance formation but also play an important part in maintenance. Now specialists think that CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells are main immune tolerance regulator during pregnancy. In 2003 Fontenot reported that X chromosome-encoded transcription factor-Foxp3, which specific expressed in CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells, it is the recognized differential sign of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells. This article takes Foxp3 as detecting index of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells, detects expression changes of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and placenta attachment decidua in PE patients, so that discuss its immune-unbalance function in PE.Materials andMethodsChoose maternity ward inpatients of Shengjing hospital and fourth hospital of China Medical University between 2009.6-2010.1, Diagnosis criterion is referred to the seventh edition《gynecology and obstetrics》edited by Le Jie. All pregnant women in the past have no high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperthyroidism and other autoimmune diseases, have no other pregnancy complications, have no infectious diseases history,1. The level of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell in peripheral blood20 PE pregnant women,20 normal into pregnant women.There is no difference between 2 group pregnant women with age and pregnant week. All pregnant women collect peripheral bloodIn the morning I collect fasting pregnant women median cubital vein blood 5 ml in each group, then blood is given heparin anticoagulation. The specimens is detected within 4h after collection.2. The expression positive rates of Foxp3 in pregnancy decidua30 PE pregnant women,30 normal into pregnant women.There is no difference between 2 group pregnant women with age and pregnant week. All pregnant women collect decidual tissue cohere in uterus wall placenta. I use flow cytometry to detect the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+accounting for CD4+CD25+T cells in peripheral blood, during cesarean section I choose decidual tissue of about 1.5 grams which cohere in uterus wall placenta immediately after placenta expulsion, after PBS washing,fixed 24-48h in 4% paraformaldehyde solution, then use immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of specific transcription factor Foxp3 of decidual CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells.Results1. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell expression rate in peripheral blood(x±s) in PE group and normal control group are 1.70±0.23%,3.55±0.47%. PE patients' peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell percentage is significantly lower than the control group of normal late pregnancy(t is 3.51, P<0.05), the difference is statistically significant.2. The expression positive rates of Foxp3 in pregnancy decidua in PE group and normal control group are 16.67%,66.67%. PE group expression positive rates has obviously difference compared with normal control group, Foxp3 expression positive rates of PE group have obviously difference with normal control group(P<0.05).ConclusionThis confirms that preeclampsia patients'CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood and decidua are fewer than those of normal women in late pregnancy, it indicates that number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood and decidua decreases makes immune suppression function is weakened, so that maternal-fetal immune tolerance becomes imbalance, immune rejection aggravates, at last results in the occurrence of preeclampsia.