| Background:Tourniquet is widely useu in extremity surgery to reduce bleeding, achieve a bloodless field and facilitate the identification of anatomical structures, which is expected to shorten the operative time and decrease complications. So the tourniquet is extensive used in orthopedic and plastic surgery. It also can cause some pathophysiology changes, even adverse reactions, for example tourniquet pain, tourniquet hypertension and so on. The research of tourniquet side effect mainly focus on the area, which is compressed by tourniquet or distal to compressed site. But few research pay attention to the area, which is proximal tourniquet compressed site. In this experiment, to study the tourniquet compression on axonal transport, the transport of insulin like growth factor-1 in rat sciatic nerve axon was observed.Methods:Forty-eight 12-week-old, weight 250-300g male sprague dawley rats were included in this study, and random divided into eight groups:Tourniquet compressed 1h group (group A),2h group (group B),4h group (group C),12h group (group D), nerve ligation 1h group (group E),2h group (group F),4h group (group G),12h group (group H). Six rats in every group. After anesthesia, the left or right side of each rat sciatic nerve is randomly separated into the treatment group or control group. After treatment reach target time, drawing materials. And, the immunohistochemistry was used to observation the accumulation of IGF-1 of the area around sciatic nerve compression or ligation site. Then calculated the average optical density for each immunohistochemical picture. After that the ratio of experimental average optic density to control was used to measure the degree of IGF-1 accumulation.Results:One of rats was dead in group D, and the data was excluded from the result. The experimental data of remaining 47 rats were included in the analysis. Group A, B, C and D was tourniquet compression group, there was obvious IGF-1 immunoreactivity material accumulation on the area proximal tourniquet compressed site. And all of the E/C values were greater than 1. The accumulation was severer with the compressed time extended. The E/C values of group A, B, C and D were 1.30±0.28,1.57±0.30,2.78 ±0.56,5.91±1.22, respectively. But there was no significant IGF-1 immunoreactivity material accumulation on the area distal to tourniquet compressed site. And the values of group A, B, C, D were 1.03±0.05,1.00±0.01,1.08±0.12,1.02±0.04, around 1, there was no obvious change with treatment time extended. There were three rats in group A and one rat in group B no obvious IGF-1 immunoreactivity material accumulation at the proximal Sciatic nerve compression site. Group E, F, G and H were nerve ligation group. Both proximal and distal compressed site were IGF-1 immunoreactivity material accumulation, and the accumulation of proximal was more severe. The values of group E, F, G, H were 1.53±0.51,2.89±0.67,4.04±0.77,7.99±1.18 at the proximal ligation site,1.19±0.24,1.86±0.24,2.17±0.33和4.04±1.69 at the distal ligation site. There were two rats in group E no obvious IGF-1 immunoreactivity material accumulation.Conclusion:1.The use of tourniquet can affect the sciatic nerve axonal transport. There were apparent accumulation of IGF-1 in proximal tourniquet compressed site, and accumulation degree severer with time extended. But in distal tourniquet compressed site, there were no significant accumulation, and little change with time extended. 2. The ligation of rat sciatic nerve can block axonal transport, both the proximal and distal ligation site were apparent IGF-1 accumulation, and severer with time extended. 3. The accumulation degree of IGF-1 was severer in nerve ligation group than tourniquet compressed group.
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