| Background and objective:Ischemic heart diseases, such as myocardial infarction, have been seriously life-threatening. Myocardial infarction may cause myocardiolysis, reconstruction, and, finally lead to heart failure. In the whole world, terminal heart failure is the most important reason of death. The main mechanism is the inconvertibility of the cardiac muscle cell loss because of the apoptosis and necrosis, then induces inflammatory reaction, vascular proliferation, fibrocyte stimulating and scar formation. Ever since a long time ago,it has been thought that adult cardiac muscle cell is terminal differentiation, so, now in the clinical, the treatment of myocardial ischemia and heart failure can just release the conditions in some degree, but can not stop the remodeling or recover the impaired cardiac function thoroughly.There has been more new cardiac muscle regeneration theroies to treat the ischemic or no-ischemic heart diseases, including cell transplantation, the transport of growth factor and gene, and so on. During the previous years, many experiments had demonstrated the potentiality of the stem cell to treat acute myocardial infarction and other chronicity heart diseases. The development of the stem cell therapy means much more. Recently, it becomes more and more concerned that the transplantation of the ectogenous stem cells to restore the necrotic heart muscle. Many kinds of stem cells have been used in the therapy of transplantation, such as the embryonic stem cells, and the cells derived from marrow, peripheral blood and skeletal muscle. The body is rich of adipose tissue. Compared with other stem cells, an important clinical advantage of adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) is that they can be isolated in real time in sufficient quantity with small injuries, so the adipose tissue will be the suitable source for the regeneration medicine and will have a potential perspective. The objective of this research is to discuss the improvement of the ADSCs on the reconstruction and function in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.Material and methods:We chose 16 female SD rats, then divided them into the two groups of the control and the experimental group by randomization, ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery to make a model of acute myocardial infarction. The transplantated cells were isolated from the groin and the scapular adipose tissue of the eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) mice. The ADSCs were transplanted into the infarction area of the experimental group by injection but phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with the same volume as the control group. Four weeks later, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were measured with echocardiography. The left ventricular end systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure, and±p/dtmax were recorded by the multiple channel physio-determinator. The infarction size and the thickness of the ventricular wall were measured by using Masson trichrome stain, and the microvessel density was calculated by using Immunohistostaining.Results:Compared with the control group, there were smaller infarction size (40.0±8.7% vs 79.3±27.1%,p<0.01), thicker wall (564.1±148.1μm vs 189.7±70.0μm,p<0.01) and more microvessels (156±59/mm2 vs 76±17/mm2, p<0.01) in the experimental group as well as the well improved echocardiographic functional parameters and the hemodynamics parameters.Conclusion:The ADSCs have a positive effect to improve the reconstruction and the systolic and diastolic function in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.
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