| Objective:The aim of the study was to observe the characteristics of optical coherence tomography in pathology myopic maculopathy, to determine the type of macular degeneration, to investigate the association of the different types of macular degeneration with the factors relevant to the pathology, including age, dioptre, vision correction, to analyze pathologic changes of the macula with pathologic myopia and to find the best period of early prevention and methods.Methods:The pathological myopia maculopathy and contain only a kind of macular degeneration in this study 204 patients (210 eyes), every patient gives optical coherence tomography scan after fully dilated. Patient's age, dioptre and best vision correction were recorded.210 eyes with pathologic myopic maculopathy were divided into seven groups according to OCT characteristics:(1) simple macular hemorrhage, (2) retinal schisis, (3) macular choroidal neovascularization, (4) macular hole, (5) retinal detachment, (6) epiretinal membrane and (7) macular atrophy. The relationship between the maculopathy and age, diopter and vision correction were analyzed.Results:1,the characteristic of OCT in each group of pathologic myopia macular degeneration: simple macular hemorrhage:there is a moderately strong reflections under neurosensory retina, the attenuation of reflectivity; retinal schisis:the dark chamber can be seen in the retinal neurosensory, during which the bridge-like connections can be seen; macular choroidal neovascularization:irregular strong reflections mission at the level of RPE; macular hole:the continuity of retina neurosensory was interrupted; retinal detachment:no light reflective zone between retinal neurosensory and retinal pigment epithelium, the surface of retinal pigment epithelium was smooth; Epiretinal membranes:the surface of retina has the reflective membrane; macular atrophy:the retinal neurosensory was significantly thin, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid showed a high degree of band strong reflections.2,the relationship among each group about age:The average age of patients in the sevene group is:(30.10±7.76) years, (45.97±11.63) years, (47.47±12.53) years, (53.83±11.31) years, (54.10±10.41) years, (59.30±12.65) years, (60.43±11.44) years, respectively. The average age of the patients with simple macular hemorrhage was the youngest, which was significant (P<0.05), compared with the other groups. The differences between retinal schisis group and macular choroidal neovascular membrane group was no statistical significance, the two groups with the other groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The differences between macular hole group, retinal detachment and macular atrophy group were statistically significance (P<0.05). The differences among the other groups were not significant.3,the relationship among each group about diopter:The average diopter of patients in every group from one group to sevene group respectively is:(14.70±3.31)D,(13.04±4.27)D,(13.77±4.75)D,(14.18±4.06)D,(14.50±3.89)D,(14.14±4.67)D,(17.25±3.36)D。The average diopter of macular atrophy was the highest. The difference was significant (P<0.05), compared with other groups. There was no significant difference detected among other groups.4,the relationship among each group about best vision correction:The average best vision correction of patients in every group from one group to sevene group respectively is:0.24±0.07,0.32±0.09,0.22±0.09,0.14±0.09,0.07±0.04,0.31±0.09,0.13±0.08。Patients with retinal detachment showed the worst vision correction, which was significant (P＜0.05), compared with other groups. The patients in groups of retinal schisis and epiretinal membranes presented the best vision correction, the differences between the two groups was no statistical significance, the two groups with the other groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences between macular hemorrhage and macular choroidal neovascular membrane group was no statistical significance, with the other groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences between macular hole group and macular atrophic group was no statistical significance, with the other groups were statistically significant (P<0.05)Conclusion:Pathology myopic maculopathy is divided into seven types:simple macular hemorrhage, retinoschisis, macular choroidal neovascular membrane, macular hole, retinal detachment, epiretinal membrane, macular atrophy, based on optical coherence tomography. The average age of patients in each group is greater than 30 years old. Patients with high myopia should be conducted regularly in fundus examination, after the age of 30. The pathological macular changes in pathological myopia are different with the increase of the age. The measure of prevention and treatment should be taken as early as possible for the patients with with macular hemorrhage. The higher is the diopter, the more severe the macular pathological change is, and the vision correction is obviously influenced by the type of macular pathological change. The classification of the pathologic myopic maculopathy by OCT is quite useful in identifying, evaluating the prognosis and guiding the treatments for the disease.
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