A Study On The Volatile Constituents And Polysaccharide Extraction Technics Of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae

Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae is the dry mature fruit of Schisandraceae plant [Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et wils] and has been used as Chinese herb medicine with a long history. Thus, volatile constituent and the polysaccharide of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae are poorly understood. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, extraction by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and the supercritical CO2 (SCF) for volatile and by microwave for polysaccharide have not been reported.In this study, the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et wils was used as the raw material. Volatile extraction and analysis were performed with SPME, SCF and GC-MS. Polysaccharide was extracted using microwave extraction technics. The results were showed as follows.The optimum conditions for extracting volatile of the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et wils by SPME were at 50℃for 45 min with sample amount of 1.5 g (in 15 mL vial) and 4 min desorption in GC.77 compounds of volatile in fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et wils were identified by GC-MS. The content of these compounds accounted for 80.97% of total. In which the highest content was Ylangene accounting for 11.01%. These compounds were divided into following groups:32 alkenes (accounted for 61.75%),2 alkanes (6.86%),22 alcohols (2.37%),7 ketones (0.46%),2 aldehydes (0.09%), 1 ester (0.02%),1 ether (0.05%),1 carboxylic acid (0.04%), and 8 Others (0.77%).The optimum conditions for extracting volatiles by SCF were 30 MPa,50℃,40 min, and CO2 current capacity 30-35 L/h.81 compounds of volatile in extract by SCF were identified by GC-MS. The content of these compounds accounted for 70.65% of total. These compounds were divided into following groups:36 hydrocarbons (accounted for 62.63%),14 ketones (1.45%), 6 aldehydes (0.36%),14 alcohols (1.72%),3 esters (3.81%),3 acids (0.07%),3 furan (0.17%), and 5 others (0.64%). The result indicated that extracted content by SCF was primarily hydrocarbon compound accounting for above 60%. In which the highest contentis Ylangene, accounted for 10.21%. Moreover, lH-Benzocycloheptene, 2,4a,5,6,7,8,-hexahydro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl- accounted for 8.35% andγ-cadinene accounted for 8.13%. The content of a-santalene, himachalene, copaene, longifolene-(V4) were all high.The optimum conditions for extracting polysaccharide by microwave were 70℃, 25min, ratio of drugs to water volume 1:12 and material granularity.