Research Of Relationship Between Nerve Stem Cells And Blood Vessles In Mouse Brain

Although the nervous system and vascular system with different functions, but they go in the line of mammals has a high degree of consistency in the peripheral nervous system, blood vessels and nerves with multi-line, branch located in various body organs and most tissues.In the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system because it is not with observation, the relationship between nerves and blood vessels has been neglected with.Nervous system and circulatory system has many structural similarities, there are many on the development of synergies, some axon guidance molecules, such as forming factors, growth factors, angiogenic factors such as the nervous system and circulatory system has a dual role in the development of , so either will cause an exception, such as Alzheimer's Diease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases.Neural stem cells and blood vessels on the relationship and mechanism of development help us understand the pathogenesis of these diseases and find countermeasures to provide guidance to the treatment of diseases, has very important significance.Objective: In view of the central nervous system, blood and cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier is closely related to our research in three directions CNS neural stem cells and blood vessels within the relationship, a mouse brain after birth, the development of neural stem cells in the maintenance, differentiation and migrationthe relationship between cerebral vascular and general; 2 cerebrospinal fluid --- the most concentrated area in the subventricular zone (Sub Ventricular Zone, SVZ) neural stem cells within a specific form, maintenance, differentiation and migration; 3 neural stem cells and the relationship between blood-brain barrier.Methods: This topic immunofluorescence, BrdU, and ink perfusion techniques on the postnatal mouse brain neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, glial cells and blood vessels were observed.Results:①In P0 mouse, the brain is almost all of Nestin-positive radial glial cells; from P0 to P14, GFAP-positive astrocytes from a few to more and more blood vessels near the Nestin-positive radial glial cells. The first GFAP-positive astrocytes in the differentiation, morphology is also the first to mature; Nestin expression not only in stem cells, but also in cells from progenitor cells to glial cell differentiation; no contact with the vessel wall and the Department, Nestinand GFAP co-expression of glial cell fibers wrapped Nestin GFAP formed more than a "ring" sandwich or "semi-ring" sandwich of two shapes, and close at the vessel wall and, Nestin and GFAP expression in glial fibers were easy to form "semi-ring "sandwich; vessel wall on the radial glial cells from glial cells into astrocytes in the process, promote the differentiation of the vascular wall plays a role in the first, and then began to complete the cell's own internal division, this time, the vessel wall anddifferentiation plays a part of the obstacle.②P14, GFAP-positive astrocytes basic differentiation and maturation, P30, the division completed; Morphologically, the surface of the cortex, GFAP-positive astrocytes processes short and more deep cortical GFAP-positive starglial cell processes and less long, there are obviously different, GFAP-positive astrocytes in both places, there are two forms exist.③Nestin-positive early postnatal radial glial cells in the long processes that based conflict (there are two processes of early development of the base and top sudden sudden, suddenly at the top of the inner surface of the neural tube, the base outside the conflict in the neural tube), not onlyand the brain surface of the soft membrane form a "ball" or "cone" shaped buckle foot protrusion, but also a wide range of stretch and the surface of blood vessels within the brain exposed,④P14, Nestin-positive radial glial cells only in the part of the base suddenly cortex, and striatum of the local vascular wall around a positive expression of these two places to form the foot-shaped buckle suddenly more in the blood vessels branch, the bifurcation; part of the Nestin-positive radial glial cells, long filamentous processes close to the vessel wall, and blood vessels take the form of the same, these two in the cortex and striatum, close to the vessel wall to form a "tunnel"-like neural stem cell niche,maintaining the immature state of differentiation of stem cells.There are three reasons for our analysis is the cortex and striatum of the blood vessel wall to form these two kind of "tunnel" like vascular stem cell niches room to maintain the Nestin-positive radial glial cells in the immature state of differentiation, namely: by the metabolism of blood vesselsAfter the reduction of the former Shu caused the shrine room space of the "tunnel"-like, glutamate and other neurotransmitter pathway, neural stem cell molecule itself atypia.⑤P30 surface part of the striatum of mice with Nestin-positive SVZ cells express both DCX-positive, co-expression, showing Nestin-positive radial glial cells not only differentiated into neural precursor cells, but also as a scaffold to guide the migration of neural progenitor cells.⑥neural stem cells in the subventricular zone from birth to adult are more along the blood vessels, blood vessels both old and new, nature and sources of the different blood vessels around the city gathered neural stem cells, proved to be the brain around blood vessels is complex micro-environment, not justthe exchange of material to maintain the characteristics of neural stem cells.⑦P30 mouse SVZ Some of the GFAP-positive cells and BrdU co-expression, there is proliferation, and filamentous hair-like protrusions in-depth the lateral ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid directly in contact, there may be adult mouse brain stem cells and extracellular fluid micro-Environmental Communication "control commander."⑧early development, blood-brain barrier function of a weak blood vessel walls, Collagen4 positive, Nestin also gathered a lot of strong positive radial glial cells in the base of the foot-shaped buckle sudden conflict.The vascular basement membrane structured outside the area, or vascular basement membrane has not generated outside the region, there is no aggregation Nestin-positive radial glia-like deduction based sudden sudden foot.Prove that early development stage, the base film is not complete, strong permeability, radial glial cells in the BBB blood-brain barrier constitutes a perfect time to participate.Conclusion: 1, The mouse brain blood vessels take function in the differentiation from the neural stem cells into astrocytes.2, mouse brain neural stem cells in blood vessels and blood vessels to maintain a source of new and old, nature has nothing to do.3, the mouse brain cortex and striatum in the vicinity of blood vessels have a special room to maintain the vascular niche differentiation of immature neural stem cells in the state.4, mouse brain neural stem cells of blood vessels involved in the migration, some of bracket.5, mouse brain, the subventricular zone have special potential of GFAP-positive cells divided, the expression was BrdU, ependymal GFAP-positive cells near the end of a filament-like protrusions further down the lateral ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid directly in contact, sent directly to the other end protruding and BrdU positive cells in SVZ area in close contact.SVZ GFAP-positive cells in the region may be of adult mouse brain stem cells and extracellular fluid microenvironment of communication "control commander."6, early development, vascular basement membrane is incomplete, so early development, neural stem cells involved in the formation of BBB.