| This dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first chapter showed the isolation and identification of compounds from rhizomes and flowers of Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc, and the antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibitory as well as anti-bacterias activity of different extracts and compounds were introduced. The second chapter studied the isolation and identification of compounds from Trapa acornis Nakano, besides, the antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-bacterias activity of different extracts and compounds were reported. The third chapter summarized the study progress of chemical constituent and pharmaceutical of the genus Trapa.Chapter 1. The chemical constituents and bioactivities of rhizomes andflowers of Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc1. The chemical constituents from the rhizomes and flowers of Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc were studied by column chromatography. Seven compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of M. basjoo and identified as 2',3,4'-Trihydroxyflavone (1),3,3'-bis-hydroxyanigorufone (2), Stigmasterol(3), Irenolone (4), 2,4-dihydroxy-9-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-phenalenone (5),3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (6) andβ-daucosterol (7). Compound 1,2,4,5,6 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 6 was isolated from Musa genus for the first time. Eight compounds were isolated from the flowers of M. basjoo, two compounds were identified as Stigmasterol(4) andβ-daucosterol (7). Compound 4 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.2. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used to screen the antioxidant activity of rhizomes and flowers of M. basjoo. Different extracts from the rhizomes of M. basjoo showed better antioxidant activity, but the extracts from flowers didn't have the activity. The activity of compounds was screened by scavenging activity against DPPH. radical with microplate assay. 2',3,4'-Trihydroxyflavone (IC50=8.61μg·mL-1), Irenolone(IC50=19.55μg·mL-1) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(IC50=1.1μg·mL-1) exhibited strong activity. 3. The inhibitory effect against a-glucosidase of different extracts and compounds from rhizomes and flowers of M. basjoo were screened in a 96-well plate. Petroleum ether, EtOAC, MeOH extracts of the rhizomes and petroleum ether extracts of the flowers showed stronger inhibitory effect against a-glucosidase, and petroleum ether extracts of the flowers was the highest.3,3'-bis-hydroxyanigorufone (IC50=24.15μg·mL-1) and 2,4-dihydroxy-9-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-phenalenone (IC50=2.81μg·mL-1) exhibited stronger inhibitory activity,which were much higher than that of acarbose (IC50=1103.01μg·mL-1)4. Antibacterial activity of different extracts and compounds from rhizomes and flowers of M. basjoo were assayed by using Staphylococcus aureus(SA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) andβ-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus(ESBLs-SA). Petroleum ether extracts of rhizome and flower were active fraction.2,4-dihydroxy-9-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-phenalenone showed strong activity with MIC value of 0.078,0.313,0.039μg/disc against SA, MRSA and ESBLs-SA respectively.Chapter 2. The chemical constituents and bioactivities of Trapa acornis Nakano1. The chemical constituents from the nutshell of Trapa acornis Nakano were studied by column chromatography. Twelve compounds were isolated and nine were identified as 4,23,24-trimethylcholest-22-en-3-ol(1), Stigmasterol(2), a-amyrin(4), (E)-bis-4,4'-(3-ethenyl-l-propene-1,3-diyl)-phenol (5), oleanolic acid(7), ursolic acid(8), Hederagenin(9), 3,23-dihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid(10) andβ-daucosterol(12). Compound 1,2,4,5,7,8,9,10 and 12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.2. The antioxidant activity of different extracts of nueshell of T. acornis was screened by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The MeOH/water, petroleum ether, EtOAC and n-butyl alcohol extracts showed better antioxidant activity, and the EtOAC extracts was the highest.3. The inhibitory effect against a-glucosidase of different extracts from nutshell of T. acornis were screened in a 96-well plate. MeOH/water (IC50=2.00μg·mL-1), petroleum ether (IC50=14.4μg·mL-1), EtOAC (IC50=0.4μg·mL-1) and n-butyl alcohol (IC50=1.00μg·mL-1) extracts showed stronger inhibitory effect against a-glucosidase, which were much higher than that of acarbose (IC50=1103.01μg·mL-1)4. Antibacterial activity againet Staphylococcus aureus(SA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) andβ-Mactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus(ESBLs-SA) of different extracts from nutshell of T. acornis were assayed. The MeOH/water, petroleum ether, EtOAC and n-butyl alcohol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. The MeOH/water extracts displayed the best antibacterial activity of SA with IC50 value of 0.46 mg-mL-1. Petroleum ether extract showed the best antibacterial activity of MRSA and ESBLs-SA with IC50 value of 0.62, 0.34 mg-mL-1 respectively. The antibacterial activity ingredients mainly in the MeOH/water and petroleum ether extracts.Chapter 3. The study progress of chemical constituent and pharmaceutical of the genus TrapaThe study progress of chemical constituent and pharmaceutical of the genus Trapa were summarized.
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