A Comparative Study On The Kind Of Locality "Shang" In Modern Chinese

The kind of locality discussed in this thesis include"shang"and"shang mian". These two words all have four meanings:"location high""top and surface of object""scope"and"respect". As a written convenient,we marked them as"shang1"and"shang mian1","shang2"and"shang mian2","shang3"and"shang mian3","shang4"and"shang mian4". On the basis of achievements by our predecessors, we will discuss their general character and differences in syntax and semantics by analysis and statistics of the language and material from the microcosmic aspect, Furthermore, the paper analysed the covert and overt of"de"after locative structure and ambiguity problem concerning arising therefrom. We hope this study will helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the kind of locality"shang".We found that"shang mian"has a wide scope compared with"shang", both in the choice of prepositions and"X"type in the syntax; the"X"before"shang4"give priorityto two syllables, but"shang mian4"is over five syllables. In semantic aspects, the"X"has a decisive role to semantics of locatives. The looming of"de"not only linked with the"X",but also syntactical symmetry, semantic specificity and pragmatic dominanty. The freedom degree of implicit appear decreasing trend along with the semantics grammaticalization of"shang mian": looming is most free when"X (de) shang mian2", it is most unfree when"X (de) shang mian4". The ambiguous of locatives structure is concerned with three-dimensional features of"X", but the objects or verb in the sentence which make the meaning of locatives structure more specific, reflects the consistency between them in semantic. Of course, context and common sense inherent in life sometimes also play a role.