Research On Scholar Zaju With The Style Of Grievances Expressing In The Late Ming Dynasty

This thesis focuses on scholar Zaju with the style of grievances expressing in the late Ming Dynasty. This type of Zaju is characterized of free and flexible accompany with dissatisfied style, Researches on this type of Zaju have certain significance.The thesis is divided into two parts to investigate the problem. In the first part, the author determines the concept of Zaju, and then anylyzes the characteristics of this kind of Zaju from three aspects of script, emotion and features received by publics. A conclusion is drawn in the first part:The majority of writers of this type of Zaju were contemporaneous frustrated scholars. They were bosom friends finding resonance in each other. A creative trend of grievances description was formed which was mainly focusing on expressing inditers'strongly exaggerated and dissatisfied feelings, and ignoring the dramatic conflicts and plot setting synchronously. The artistic method was constantly innovative and in pursuit of innovation. There are irrational and non-logical emotional wave continuing to accumulate and finally breaking out in the play. This type of Zaju has exaggerate but sincere and moving emotions together with free and flexible and dissatisfied style. In the second part, the causes and effects of this type of Zaju are analyzed using the method of literature and history. Influenced by life experiences and pursuits of freedom and expressing sincere emotion advocated by WangYangming Theory, a creative tread was formed to express grievances in the late Ming Dynasty. This type of Zaju has some new changes on the basis of inheriting the tradition in the early Qing Dynasty. The pain of subjugation was added to the Zaju, and simultaneously led the Zaju limited to be acceptable only by scholars. The development of Zaju deviated from the direction of the development of opera, loosed the original meaning and stepped into a more and more narrow development path.