On The Heavent Thoughts In "Guanzi"

Guanzhong was an outstanding statesman and thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period .Although the book "Guanzi"wasn`t written by Guanzhong, it truly recorded his thoughts,words and deeds and it had high historical and ideological value. "Guanzi"developed his own system, it was an encyclopedic masterpiece with academic comprehensive,, it had great influence to after generations. "Guanzi"had confused and profound philosophy contents included the thoughts of Taoist,legalism,Confucianism,the yin-yang school, it also contented abundant Heaven thoughts .The word of "Heaven" appeared about in the later Western Zhou Dynasty .It isn`t a expression until the spring and autumn period .In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it appeared the Heaven thought of Mysticism firstly that was the Heaven thoughts` continuation and development of the Yin and Zhou Period, in that period ,it was been used to obverse the destiny and the good or ill luck of human affairs by the changes of astronomical phenomena . Later, it changed because of the suspicion and criticism of the scholars and gentlemen. Zichan's " heaven far, humanitarian wide"brought the visual from heaven to the human world so as to build the human`s principal part in the relation of heaven and human being. The transformation from heaven to humanitarian was not to abandon heaven, but pay attention to the subject status, it developed the significance of the laws of nature and contents of humanity moral."Guanzi"`s Heaven thoughts broke the mystery of Heaven thoughts in the base of Pre-Qin thoughts,it put forward the idea of " heaven natural " , emphasized the people should emulate nature, conform to the nature, and clearly put forward the concept of " days often ", "heaven" . Heaven thoughts governed All existence and the rules of activities, and human relations,politics,economy belonged to it. In " Guanzi", "heaven" is not only the essence of the people`s value, but also is the ultimate basis of human being`s behaviors. There are there intensions in the Heaven thoughts. First, it is the" Ming ghosts, only with mysterious colorific mountains" with the mysterious Heaven thoughts, which have commons in traditional Gods theory. Second, it is the natural principals of "heaven doesn`t change his ordinary, the earth doesn`t change his rules"and the"get heaven`s rules, all is natural"according to combining our subjective initiative with adherence to objective laws. Third, the humanity rules of"law and heaven have the same moral, phenomena and the earth have no relations", which stress the heaven thoughts not only can be used in the nature, but also can be used in human society. In the paper, there is one very wonderful about conclusion to "Heaven", which is "the number of Heaven, the changes of human heart. the number of Heaven, attainment will be opposite, prosperity will be die.",it is also the basic content of heaven thought in"Guanzi"that is concluded by observing the changes and movements of the natural phenomenon and the human society .In nature, the sun can rise and fall, the moon has wax and wane, four seasons can cycle, grass and trees have ups and downs. Everything has obvious repeatabilit, the ups and downs of human societies also have some rules. Since, "Guanzi" weakens the theological concepts which came down from Shang and Zhou Period to them, and draw the visual of human from heaven to the world, deduct the human doctrines from the heaven and world ways. All state"everything`s growth have the same result with different funs, ancient and modern are same."and everything is controlled by the rule. At last, it indicates that"making policies and orders use humanism, coronation and employment use the earth laws, national affairs use heaven laws", which build the thoughts of administering a country on the base of heaven ways` philosophy.The application of heaven thought in"Guanzi" basically have the following four aspects: one is to worship the heaven and accept his orders, to use the gods to control people. The Heaven thoughts in Pre-Qin Period is that heaven is willed and it is highest ruler of the world. The thought is applied to the practice of governing in"Guanzi". It not only has the fear to heaven, but also cleverly has the use in governing. Heaven ways played an important role in enriching the nation and strengthen the military of Qin Huan-gong. Second, heaven is nature, devoting time is to place politics on it. The heaven thoughts of "Guanzi" think the whole universe is an orderly harmonious unity, the heavens, the earth, the people and the universe are interdependent and interactive. Therefore, the support or suppose of the common feelings relate to national ups and downs,"The prosperity of the country depends on the popular feelings, the abolishment of the power rest with breaking the popular feelings."(the herdsmen) The monarch must handle the relationship with people well, and"Guanzi"puts forward the principle of"giving is for getting". In addition, the characteristics of the government " is the extended thought from"heaven is nature". " Guanzi " think that four seasons changes of the heaven and the earth affect the nature and human activities. Monarch must do the policies according to the four seasons to obey the heaven rules. Third, it is that monarch is noble and his subjects are humble. Heaven and order have an inseparable link in"Guanzi", heaven is the base of kingship, or heaven is order. This order thought established the rating system concept of reasonableness and legality, and the most fundamental is the bureaucratic system`s formation of monarch is noble and his subjects are humble. In "The situation", it said "the Lord has heaven laws to control his people, people subject him whole-heartedly, it can make the dominant rich and long." there is a detailed statement about the origin, interdependence, a bureaucracy Robinson of monarch and his subjects In " Guanzi " .Fourth, it is that propriety and laws use together, and they supple each other. In"Guanzi", it said that the ways of hierarchical order not only is the product of human being`s feeling, it also is the embodiment of the propriety of heaven, propriety is as important as heaven. In the book of"Jun Chen Shang", it said"heaven have constant shape, people have routine polite, it never change once established, namely three ordinaries, the rules of monarch and subjects must have one ordinary of the three."In the book of"Herdsmen", it called that and people have ChangLi, a set without more, this call three often, and while a path, one gentleman The herdsmen of righteousness, will the ritual, the shame of cream, called propriety, appearance, integrity, shame as the four wefts, which are the four big guiding principles to safeguard nation order and it can be lack of propriety and law."Guanzi"thought moral enlightenment is the main mechanism to maintain the whole social system.In a word, the paper try to state that heaven thought is an important part of"Guanzi"thoughts."Guanzi"followed social reality to think country's politics and life with a pragmatic attitude, to set up his own ideological system. It developed the heaven thought after the Spring and Autumn Period, and had an influence to the development of Taoism and Confucian thoughts, specially effected the thoughts of Xuntze."Guanzi"linked the former and later in the Pre-Qin Period, and it took an example for later thinkers.