| Through the statistics and classification on stone artifacts found in Longkou site, this thesis illuminates the characteristic of stone artifacts from two cultural layers and discusses the relationship between them. In addition, we analysis the main characteristic of Hanshui valley which Longkou site belongs to. At the end of the article,we make some questions clear. Such as the relationship with its surrounding sites and so on.The full thesis is divided into six parts.1)The preface In the first section, we mainly introduce the general situation of the Longkou site. The site has an early and late Paleolithic cultural layer at the same time,which was found in 1994, and excavated in April,2010 by Research Center of Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University. And many artifacts unearthed from the site.2 ) The geographical location and the excavation survey, the Geology Geomorphology and the stratum In this section, The Longkou Paleolithic site, buried in the third terrace of the light bank of the Hanshui River, is located in the Longkou village, Junxian town, and Danjiangkou City, Hubei province. The excavation exposed an area of 675㎡ which has two cultural layers. The upper cultural layer is in the late period of Paleolithic, and the lower is in the lower Paleolithic period. The Hanshui River drainage area which Longkou Paleolithic site situated is located in the south piedmont of East Qinling Orogenic Region as well as the climatic transition region between North and South China.3)Classification research of the stone artifact. In this section, we try to conclude the combination features of the stone artifacts which from the two cultural layer through classification description and statistical analysis.Characteristics of the upper cultural layer are as followings:1. The total of 203 stone artifacts was unearthed. The stone assemblage includes cores(11),flakes(13),chunks(131), the second type tools(6) and the third type tools(42).2. Quartz and hornstone are the dominant raw materials being used.3. Most tools are small in size. 4. The principal flaking technique is direct hammer percussion .5. Five types of tool classes are identified, namely choppers, scrapers, point, burin and pike; most types of the tools are scraper, followed by point.Characteristics of the lower cultural layer are as followings:1. The total of 43 stone artifacts was unearthed. The stone assemblage includes cores(2),flakes(3),chunks(31), the second type tools(2) and the third type tools(5).2. Most raw materials is quartz, following by hornstone and quartz sandstone.3. All of the second type tools are small in size. Most of the third type tools are large in size, with a little medium. The principal flaking technique is direct hammer percussion.4. Four types of tool classes are identified, namely choppers,hand-axes, scrapers, and point. Most type of tools is choppers.4)Analysis to the characteristics of the stone artifacts In the fourth section, the stone artifacts was surveyed, and made a map of the distribution of stone artifacts. According to the characteristics of these stone artifacts which were excavated from the two layers, it can be inferred that the stone tool assemblage of the lower cultural layer shows close ties with the Pebble Tool Industry (Main Industry)in South China, and the upper cultural layer shows close ties with the flake Tool Industry(Main Industry)in North China.On the basis of the materials mentioned above,we can conclude that the site should be a temporary camp and a place for activities.5)Explorations onto problems concerning the Longkou site In this section, We mainly discussed the relationship between the two cultural layers of the Longkou site and the two types of industries of the Hanshui River,and explored the Year of the site. We suggest that the upper layer is probably dated 13490±150BP, and the lower layer is probably dated 830000—870000BP.6)Through excavation and studies, we summarized the results of the site and the significance of the discovery .
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