From Abstract Concept Of Category To Practical Concept Of Life

This thesis begins with Hegelian's philosophy of self-awareness, identifying self-awareness as category of reason, in other words, mainstay of absolute spirit, and at the same time nature exists as a kind of mainstay of category. Hegelian's philosophy used category to uplift man's subjectivity, integrating individual's category freedom into the whole category freedom, and finally achieved category freedom of reason. But Feuerbach objected category of reason in Hegelian's philosophy, setting self-awareness against sensible existent, and explained category as human's nature, transferring from abstract self-awareness to human in reality, thus constructed category of sense so as to make abstract category of Hegelian back to the natural reality. In this way the ultimate goal of Hegelian and Feuerbach was the same:achieving human's freedom and liberation. The distinguish lied in that Feuerbach's goal was to contain individual's liberation in the liberation of category of sense so as to achieve spirit liberation of the religious area. But Marx gained inspiration from both Hegelian and Feuerbach, observing human's nature based on the relation between human and nature. Marx made his philosophy distinctive by orienting human on the activity of material practice, regarding practice as human's real existence, so he transferred intellectual thinking principal to the practical area, thus people can achieve category liberation through practice, containing individual liberation in practical category liberation. It is a liberation of human society rather than liberation of spirit area. Marx's category liberation is just the theoretical premise of communism which is inheritance and development of category philosophy of Hegelian and Feuerbach.