The Content And Characteristics Of Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology Of Perception

As a representative of phenomenology, Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy thought not only has a profound impact on French and Europe philosophy of 20th century, but also has a profound impact on modern literature, modern art and many other fields. The rise of the phenomenological movement in 1960s re-examined of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy thought. Nowadays, we can see Merleau-Ponty's thinking has more vitality than those phenomenology's thought, such as Husserl, Heidegger and others. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological philosophy thought has become the forefront of contemporary philosophy.Research abroad about Merleau-Ponty has been involved into the implication of the phenomenological research, especially the research of the postphenomenology of pragmatism phenomenology created by Don Ihde, and the cognitive science leading by Varela, Daniel Dennett. Scholars from Zhejiang university and Northeastern university also study Merleau-Ponty's philosophy thought in cognitive science and postphenomenology, and has achieved fruitful results.This paper attempts to research Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology from embodiment, the source of ideas and the sychosomatic relations between the world and the body, the body and the language and other aspects of the relationship. Then , research the most far-reaching implications of the embodiment and the combined effects of cognitive science.Merleau-Ponty's thinking formed begin from"Behavior Structure", and got rid of the errors of binary division and Husserl's phenomenology transcendental tendencies. Inherited Heidegger'ideology, and forming his "body" phenomenological thought.In Merleau-Ponty's philosophical system, body and world are unity, tissues and organs of body are unity and all the senses of are unity.Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception is also known as the body involved phenomenology. The key points of his thinking include: consciousness is the main activities of the living body; perception has the essential characteristics of ambiguity; perception of events can not be characterized. Merleau-Ponty's thinking has become one of the core idea related to contemporary cognitive science and artificial intelligence researches. The embodiment mentioned in the daily life generally refers to the performance of abstract objects on a specific physical embodiment. It's obviously that the connotation of the concept has relativity, and has a deep and ambiguous meaning, which is a typical characteristic of Merleau-Ponty's Embodiment, and also the typical characteristic of "perceived" and "body".Merleau-Ponty's study on phenomenon of language begin from the oppose of binary separation. He criticize empiricism and the error tendencies of intellectualism. He believes that there is a priori language world, we interact with tthis world, as we interact with the surrounding environment. Physically interact with one word, as the physical possess the limb. Healthy people have a way of use these terms. Speech situation has a very important role, for expression occurs in specific situations, so even the speaker's expression include gaps, and his/her words does not contain all the intention, but the situation itself is full of meaning, context typical composition: include speaker Body, facial expressions and intonation which to fill the gaps in the silent words.Intent language is different from any one category of the traditional philosophy. It can not be completely objective viewed, and also can not be regulated in a "subjective " manner.In such a atmosphere, language is public understanding rather than a closed-door private reflection activities. There is no single "logical form " make the language of "show " has the obligations subject to an individual. On the contrary, the language as the phenomenon of intersubjectivity exists before any individual, it contains the "must accept the things" exists external to the body, it is the moment of human history, and also a natural existence.The embodiment is the core issue of European Phenomenology, it has been recognized as the most comprehensive and through academic analysis solution in Merleau-Ponty's thought system. The embodiment has been widely used in the development of cognitive science, because the fuzzy and deep experience of the concept of embodiment encounter t,he multidisciplinary background of cognitive science, then led to a variety understanding about embodiment within cognitive science.