Comparative Study Of London And Beijing Merchant Class In 18th Century

Throughout the 18th-century world history, commerce trade expansion on the number and variety of the over change in the world that is the world mainstream. Among them, the role of the city in the gradual increase significantly. The growth of Population size and professional business appearance lead the economic development of cities as the key. the imperial capital in a lot of cities can often get better opportunities for development. With their powerful monarchy, achieved political dominance, they have a nobility and official class on behalf of the national ruling class that can create broad consumer market and attracting business investment and business service. in the 18th,the capital essentially became the trade and cargo distribution center of the whole country. which also led the development of the merchant class in big citiesAs a representitive of the Western and eastern capital cities-London and Beijing, where the merchant class have common characteristics but more different characteristics. This paper will divide the merchant class into three levels to study. The city's merchant class have similarities in all aspects, such as level structure, scale and so on. First, the number and wealth of merchants with the development and growth of the city, members of all class have the potential for change to the merchant class; Secondly a clear division of management projects businessmen, traders tend to trade in a fixed place, a variety of industries businessmen for med corresponding organization of all business lines will help,businessgroupsdominated theproduction ofgoods transport and distribution forming a commercial system, this is the progress of economic development; third, the development of the city to attract business from all over Merchant craftsmen. Especially in the bottom of businessmen, many people are migrating into the cities to make a living; Finally, the merchant class to promote the development of large-scale consumer city, are presentive of the luxury life.Compared with the common, more is the difference between the two cities of the merchant class. First, the two cities and government officials among the merchant class of relations between the difference. Although the top two cities with their own business are closely connect to the government ature has a clear difference.Second, the merchants of the creation of national policies influence the system is verydifferent. London businessman may have the right policy, Beijing can only obey thebusiness policy of the Qing dynasty, can not be changed. Third, the process of the formation of middle-class status of forces are different. In London,the merchant classis the backbone of the middle class in Beijing, is not formed by the merchant class as the leading class. Fourth, the business mode of operation and livingconditions are different. Modern corporate system has emerged in London,commercial capital into the production area, bringing the industrial revolution; Beijing shop operators are still the traditional business, "shop in front field " in the handicraft industry in the form has not changed. Fifth, the concept of merchant wealth was significantly different, the London merchant class in pursuit of the commerrial profile,eijing's merchantclass in pursuit of gold and silver currency. Sixth, the different treatment of the concept of science and technology. Londonmerchant enthusiastic scienceandtechnology, theconservative businessman in Beijing closed.