| Parents' rearing pattern plays an important role in a child's growth process, affecting the development of children. However, there are a lot of left-behind children in our present society. One or both of their parents work outside the home or year round away from home, lack of parent-child communication and parent-child interaction, which make family structure imbalance. Instead, various types of caregivers of left-behind children in education, it is different between their parenting styles and parenting styles. This study aims to develop scientific tools which can study such care and understands the characteristics that they treated the left-behind children. The procedure we studied is strict accordance with the study of questionnaire in psychology. First, the study began with the literature review and individual interview, conceived the structure of the guardians'rearing patterns of left-behind children, and the preparation of the initial questionnaire. Second,5 primary schools selected randomly in Sichuan Province, and a total of 1002 children who were left-behind taking the initial measurement of the questionnaire. The data obtained will be divided into two parts, of which 500 were carried out twice exploratory factor analysis, while another 502 for confirmatory factor analysis, test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and ultimately the formation of a formal questionnaire. Finally, we randomly selected 3 primary schools in Sichuan province,600 left-behind children were surveyed with formal questionnaire to study the characteristics of the guardians'rearing patterns of left-behind children. In the end, this study reached the following conclusions.(1) The parenting styles of left-behind children are constructed with psychological care, physical care, severe punishment, rejection, preference and excessive interference posed. (2) The guardians of left-behind children made the highest score in psychological care reached 2.51 at the middle level, followed by excessive interference, physical care, preference, severe punishment, and denial.(3) There are no differences in the guardians' rearing patterns on all the six factors of gender. With the growth of the age, physical care of children left-behind by the downward trend, but the material was significantly improved by the time that they are 12-year-old. Left-behind children living with their father got significantly higher in physical care than other types of parenting styles. Father work outside the home 1 to 2 years of material left behind by the care of children was significantly higher than other age children.(4) Left-behind children by the severe punishment of the existence of differences between this age, showing the first and then decreased. In addition, in care type, upbringing of left-behind children living with their father received the punishment than other types of high parenting. The longer the time of the mother to go out, the more punishment the left-behind children received. The father care and the elder generation care for left-behind children received more rejected.(5) The grandparents rearing of left-behind children existed more over interference, the father of the left-behind children by migrant workers over-interference than the children left behind his father did not go out high. The children' mothers who just go out for work received significantly higher excessive interference than other categories of left-behind children.(6) Consistent with the physical care, it is the downward trend in psychological care of left-behind children, but by the age of 12, when the psychological care was significantly improved. Care of left-behind children by the mother's psychological care was significantly higher than other types. Mother was out working in the psychological care of left-behind children by the other categories were significantly higher than that of left-behind children. |
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