Han Steles And Thoughts On Ghosts And Gods In Han Dynasty

Stone tablets is a sort of valuable historical material.Stone tablets of Han dynasty have great value to the research of Han dynasty history and society.This paper does a comprehensive research on the thoughts of ghosts and gods during the periods of the two Han dynasties,through collecting the materials of Han stone inscriptions,combined with historical data of bamboo slips,seal,bronze mirror inscriptions,historical literature,based on the achievement of precursor.Thoughts on ghosts and gods originated in the soul concept,based on the ancients'reverence for the forces of nature and thinking about human beings. Since ancient times, people had believed in ghosts and gods,and social thoughts had be shrouded in deep mystery.In Han dynasty,thoughts on ghosts and gods were very popular,not only in folk,but also in the upper,even affect the thinking of many elites.It is the most common and most fundamental social thoughts and spiritual beliefs. People in that time not only believed the existence of ghosts and gods, but also worship the ghosts and gods,and they thought that servicing the ghosts and gods could make all of the people of the country peace.This paper is mainly divided into four parts:The first part is the preface.This part maily introduces the significance and research status of the subject,and makes a brief overview of the relevant circumstances of the inscriptions and ghosts-deities thoughts.The second part is system of the gods in the sky.The system of the gods in the sky mainly includes supreme god,sun,moon,star,wind,rain,mine and other natural things in the sky. This paper selects two aspects on supreme god and sun-moon-star worship,describing the development process from pre-Qin to Han dynasty and reflect in Han stone inscriptions of the supreme god belief,at the same time involving the influence of sun and moon,Yinghuo star,polaris on people's ideas.The third part is system of the deities on the land. The system of the deities on the land mainly includes the earth,moutain,river and other natural things on the land.This paper analyzes from two aspects on the earth and moutain,on the one hand,the article discussed from three angles of"Di","Kun"and"She"which are three titles of the land,and on the other hand, the article describes the development process from pre-Qin to Han dynasty of mountain worship and moutains'power and the sacrifice to mountains.The fourth part is system of human and ghost.This part elaborates four aspects.The first aspect is the the ghost worship,involving the concept of ghost,the concept of the world after death, the sacrifice to the ghost. The second aspect is ancestor worship, elaborating the concept and development and reflect in Han stone inscriptions of ancestor worship. The third aspect is hero worship, elaborating the concept and reflect in Han stone inscriptions of hero worship. The fourth aspect is immortal thoughts, elaborating main content and development of the immortal thoughts.