The Monetary Problem In Society Of The Ming Dynasty And The Monetary Ideology Of Huangzongxi

During the Ming dynasty, the government of china try to achieve high efficiency regulating to the countries'economic resources by giving incentive to use silver and paper money, and no attention to the casting, issuing and circulating of simple money, which like copper money, it brought many problem to monetary policy and impact it in a very long time.Huang zongxi is a famous ideologist during the last phase of Ming, he had tried to analysis the reason of this problem,and built his own currency system, which is basis to copper standard, and also try to revive the paper money. Although there are some extreme opinions in his monetary theory, but these opinions also have deeply reasons in the society, and do not detach themselves to the reality, so they have the value to guide the analysis and extend the study. His remark about the reason of monetary rule frustration and the principle of using paper money is not long, but good at the systemaltization. his analysis to these problem have predominance at integrality even now, and be good worth to study.Huang zongxi would like to abandon the monetary power of sliver and gold, because the discontent to the problem which the rule of using sliver to pay tax bring to the society, and this rule truly made serious influence.the government adopt this rule at the moment the society begin to fetish noble metal after the lost of the paper money policy in the beginning of Ming, it rasie the status of sliver, but not equal to the bottom layer of society.The defect of currency exchange system, tax manage system and the circulation of sliver makes the economic of society can't run normally, rich people catch this chance to regrate slive, and makes the scarcity of sliver happen in the society. On the other hand, after this rule adopt by the government, many famers become to proletarians, and the government can not get tax from them, and also the hoarder, so the budget of tax can not be done, and the government become poor and poor. Some scholars consider that the recovering of sliver and the sliver from the oversea trade may slove this problem, but it is not real, the number of the sliver which recovered by the government is very small, and all of them is used to support the life in the palace, so it can not go into the society.The number of the oversea sliver is large, but noone can decide the way it goes to, many sliver is also be regrated after get into China, so it can not slove this problem too.Huang zongxi consider there six reasons to result the copper money's fult in Ming dynasty, which concern the copper money's casting, form, management and using principle. He built his own currency system basis to these experiences. when he built it, he have not forget the need of the big amount money. He study the experiences of every dynasty before, and let paper money to satisfy this need, so the regrating can be stop too. This theory is similar with the monetary system now, so it means advance.In conclusion, most of the monetary theory to Huang zongxi is basis to the real problem during the Ming dynasty, and there are so many realities in it. Because of the advantage of systematic, we can insight the transition of currency politic in Ming dynasty, and also find the reason about it from Huang's ideology of currency system.