On Fan And Bi In The West

"Fan and Bi" are a couple of theoretical categories that were used by critics hi Ming and Qing dynasties to describe the intentional repetitions and anti-repetitions of the characters, plots, and surroundings in the novels. They are a kind of routine summarization of the novel writing and have important significances in the Chinese novel aesthetic and critical history. In histories, many critics such as JingShengtan, MaoZonggang and ZhangZhupo, all paid more attentions to the mutual relations between these two categories, and had ignored the individual significance of them. Taking the combination into consideration, "Fan and Bi" are compound categories, "Fan" and "Bi" are equal constitutions, they both have profound significances of themselves. "Fan and Bi" are a couple of categories discussing how to create typical images during the writing course, the individual "Fan" and "Bi" could not only be of service to the creation of the typical images, but also convey the implied meaning of the theme, by using many repetitions or anti-repetitions.This paper could be broken down into three parts. First, interpret "Fan" in The West, which includes explaining the theoretical connotation of "Fan" and listing the corresponding narrations in The West. "Fan" is a concept of narrative frequency, there're many similar images and plots in the folk literature, which results from the similarity of the human thinking. Most of the Chinese classical novels had developed from the folk storytelling, and they were inevitably borne with a great deal of repetitions. To explain at some length, "Fan" not only means describing one thing that repetitively happened, but also covers the repetitive description of one thing, which has some relations with the changing of the narrative angle. And "Fan" also includes "cao-she-hui-xian approach", which was always cited by the critics in Ming and Qing dynasties. Different from other Chinese classical novels, The West is a deity and monster novel, it was considered a bantering novel after strained many false ideas. But if think from the view of non - exaggeration, there's implied meaning in The West. In fact, there are more repetitions in The West, which is determined by its subject matters and the writer's intention. And except those several demonstrations of "Fan", in The West, there's also a specific repetition ofnumber. The second part deals with "Bi" in The West. At first, "Bi" is a reflection of the routine of human life and thinking in the literatures, and also, "Bi" was affected by the trend of emancipating the mind in Ming dynasty. The analysis of "Bi" covers four points, which includes anti-repetitions of subject matters, anti-repetitions of descriptions, anti-repetitions for conveying intentions and anti-repetitions of arranging structures. Combined with the analysis of "Fan" and "Bi" in the first two parts, in the third part, the author pay more attention to "Fan and Bi" of the eighty-one sufferings. And we could see, with his flourish pen, the writer had achieved different descriptions with equal subject matters.