Pragmatic Analysis Of Chinese Figures Of Speech

Pragmatics is a newly developed branch of learning, chiefly researching language in use. The two basic concepts of pragmatic research are meaning and context. The meaning employing figures of speech to express does show not only the literal meaning but also the implied one, i.e. the pragmatic meaning expressed by figures of speech. Most of the figures of speech are employed mainly to express the pragmatic meaning of what one says. Due to indirectness of language, the literal meaning is sometimes evidential to the implied meaning. The use of figures of speech is also one form of expression of indirect language. The British philosopher Austin divided what one says into two types: connotative and performative. The pragmatic meaning of figures of speech lies in performative words. On this base, he proposed the famous speech act theory and thought that one implemented three kinds of actions when expressing: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. In the meantime, the use of figures of speech is one manifestation that the expresser performs the illocutionary act and the recipient more easily sees his intent clearly.American philosopher Grice proposed co-operative principle conversation in 1967, which consists of four conversational maxims: quantity maxim-, quality maxim> relation maxim and manner maxim. The use of figures of speech is to follow the cooperative principle much better. However, now and then the expresser will violate any of these maxims deliberately in order to convey the pragmatic meaning in addition to the literal meaning. Therefore, employing figures of speech accords with theco-operative principle now and then, disobeys the co-operative principle now and then, piece is the variation conduct now and then. In many situations, people violate the co-operative principle at the moment simply according with the politeness principle. For example, figurative speeclu personification, hyperbole ,irony violate the quality maxim; metaphor, metonymy and sensation transform are some kinds of manifestation that accord with relation maxim; reversal and parallelism are variation conduct of quantity maxim; euphemism and irony accord with the politeness principle although violate the manner maxim.No matter what shows, the ultimate aim is wholly in order to acquire good communication effect, the figures of speech applications also are in this way. Yet what affects good communication effect are not merely subjective elements - expresser and recipient, still there is objective element-Culture field of vision and Cognition psychology. That is to say, Context is an element that will affect and restrict the good communication effect acquired. Moreover, the figures of speech are costly living on innovates, yet at the same time what innovates will pay attention to the moderate degree properly and restriction by the subjective and objective element. Only in this way can we sufficiently express and comprehend the pragmatic meaning when using figures of speech, thereby guarantee the realization of good communication effect.In Tran cultural communication, people have paid more and more attention to the function of pragmatics and culture. As a large context, culture plays an important role in people's use of language. To study culture in combination with rhetoric and pragmatics, could not only guide people' use of language in the same context, but also make practical effects on the Tran culture communication and research in the teaching of different language.