The Research On Narrative Of Records Of The Historian

Sima Qian wrote Records of the Historian with his ideal: "research the relationship between god and man ,communicate the relation between the past and the present, organize the unique thought." According to the text of Records of the Historian, this paper utilizes Chinese and western narratology theory to discuss exterior form and interior spirit on Records of the Historian. This paper will not only probe Sima Qian's special thought system, but also seek his concrete means.Records of the Historian is called"whole history". Though it narrated history for three thousand years, the main part was Han dynasty for over seventy years. On narrative duration, it wrote ancient history briefly but present history minutely, paying attention to present history, which reflected Sima Qian's evaluation theory and historical thought on "respecting later king"; on narrative order, Records of the Historian mainly utilized sequence to arrange historical affairs, sometimes utilized omen narrative, insert narrative and supplement narrative to break natural order, which make narrative more intact and more various. The narrative structure of Records of the Historian was made up of five shapes: the imperial biography .the prince biography , the table, the article and the individual biography, which replenished each other to build frame. This frame communicated god and man, linked up the past and the present, widened the narrative range of historical records and emerged wave majestic social life circumstances; on narrative veins, the apparent structure of Records of the Historian was made up of "biography shape", while the hidden structure was made up of the point from flourishing situation to feeble one, which realized Sima Qian's historical order : when something reached its summit, it would become feeble. Sima Qian synthesized using many narrative materials, such as national files, Pre-qin model books, father's old manuscripts traveling and visit, legend and anecdote , folk songs and proverbs and so on. Through elaborate distinction and sieve, Sima Qian organized these materials by term-article soul, embodying his talent creativity. Many biographies of Records of the Historian emerged symphony ensemble with court dialogues, intellectual dialogues and folk dialogues. This mixture of narrative standpoints embodied again historical situations during the political power was strengthen and the society transformed, and reflected that each stratum formed different values because of different benefits and ideology. Records of the Historian mainly utilized entire visual angle, which helpedSima Qian as a historian "communicate god and man, link up the past and the present"; it utilized limited visual angle as assistance, making narrative tactful and tortuous, making narrative layers abundant and making partial narrative tend exquisite; the flow of many sorts of visual angles had characteristic of full views with strong stereoscopic sense. The temperament of lyricist penetrated through the whole text, the intention of liking miracles was used to perspective society and life, the converse parameter, such as intense and limp, fortitude and feeble, fabricate and factual, prose and rhyme, similarity and difference and so on, was used to strengthen narrative sentiment. All make Records of the Historian form unique narrative style."The skin and core of literature and art cannot be separated", the form and soul of Records of the Historian are also consistent. The form of Records of the Historian always accumulated these interior spirits on realistic records, critique and humanity. When Sima Qian wrote history, he obeyed the spirit of realistic records with "records are direct" , "good and evil must be recorded", but this was not ossified confirmation. Records of the Historian criticized those ugly phenomenons, such as blind and absurd destiny decided by God, the evils of ruling class, the neglect and persecution on the talents, the nasty aspect of human nature and unconcerned social customs. This sort of critique originated from deep love of Sim...