Three Ways To "Good"

It's well known that the pursues to the truth and the good is just the impetus which impulses and enriches the traditional west philosophy in its evolution from the simple materialism and the simple idealism in ancient Greece and Roma to the religion philosophy in mediaeval and to the empiricism and the rationalism in 17-18th century. Especially, the questioning and the pursue to the good are just the ultimate thinking and the humane care while the past philosophers try to explicate the relations between the subject and the object, the freedom and the inevitability, the reason and the religion, and so on. So, this thesis has just preliminarily explored the ethical thinking in German classical philosophy according to the questioning to the good in the past history of the west philosophy.The thesis mainly explicates the ethics of Kant and Hegel who are the representatives of the rationalism and the ethics of Feuerbach who is the representative of the empiricism, and specially illuminates the concept of the good in the two opposite groups. As for Kant, all his ethics is built on the holy good will and the innate moral laws and tend to the tiptop moral idea the highest good. Aiming at the formalism in Kant's philosophy, Hegel transforms Kant's abstract good will into the concrete ethical good by the self-negation course of the free will in the citizens, the families, the nations and puts forward the practical ethical thinking, that is, "the good is the legal welfare". But Hegel's ethics is finally built on his rationalism. All his philosophy is just the self-realization process of his categorical spirit or his categorical idea. Correspondingly, his ethics has the drawbacks in which he emphasizes on the rational subject but neglect the irrational subject and the whole subject but the sole subject. As for Feuerbach, he criticizes the rationalism tradition and announces that human is just the perceptual entity. We have not only the thinking but also the lust and the feeling. So, to Feuerbach, the good is just the blessing or the happiness.Similarly, just like the evolution of German classical philosophy, the evolution of the ethical thinking is logical. So, this thesis also explores the evolution of the good in German classical philosophy when explicating the two theories illuminated in the past paragragh.